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Operative Dentistry > diagnosis and classification > Flashcards

diagnosis and classification Flashcards

1
Q

how is caries classified

A

by extent
by cavitation
by activity
by site
by location

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1
Q

what are D1 caries

A

all visually detectable lesions, white demineralisation, decay only extends to but does not reach the adj

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2
Q

what is D3 caries

A

this is when the decay is at or beyond the adj, meaning caries has extended into the dentine

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3
Q

which kind of caries is cavitated enamel

A

D2

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4
Q

how is caries classified by activity

A

looking at whether it is active, demineralising or if it is inactive, remineralising

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5
Q

how to check if a cavity is a cavity

A

use a perio probe or a blunt dental one, if it catches when u run over the surface then it is cavitated

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6
Q

how is caries classified by site

A

smooth surface
occlusal
root surface
approximal

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7
Q

how is caries classified by location

A

is it primary or secondary

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8
Q

what is primary caries

A

where there are no restorations, known as 1 with the little degree circle

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9
Q

what is secondary caries

A

happens adjacent to a restoration

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10
Q

what is the scoring system for caries done according to

A

done according to the surface of the tooth, with each tooth considered separately. the worse surface will dictate the tooth code

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11
Q

what is accuracy

A

measures what is claimed

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12
Q

what is precision

A

consistency of measurement

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13
Q

what is the sensitivity accuracy

A

this is the % of disease found correctly

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14
Q

what is the specificity accuracy

A

the % of health found correctly

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15
Q

what the basics of clinical examination

A

good light
dry tooth
take time
don’t use a sharp probe

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16
Q

how often does normal examination with good light and a dry tooth find caries

A

only finds a third of the caries present

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17
Q

how do improve accuracy of caries diagnosis

A

ICCMS
radiographs
magnification
FOTI

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18
Q

what are the advantages of radiographs

A

permanent record
can see between the teeth
can see underneath restorations

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19
Q

what are the disadvantages of radiographs

A

radiation exposure

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20
Q

are bitewing radiographs good for all caries

A

hard to identify occlusal caries

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21
Q

advantages of using magnification to aid in the diagnosis of caries

A

easy, uses only eyesight

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22
Q

disadvantages of magnification in aiding caries diagnosis

A

expensive and reduces the field of view

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23
Q

what are some other techniques that can be used to aid caries diagnosis

A

fibre optic transillumination
diagnodent
electrical techniques

24
Q

what are the two main things necessary for caries diagnosis

A

dry tooth and good light

25
Q

what is IDCAS

A

simple, logical evidence based system for detecting and classifying caries.

26
Q

what are the merged IDCAS values

A

0 is a sound tooth
A is intial stage decay
B is moderate decay
C is extensive decay

27
Q

what are the modified IDCAS values

A

0 = 0 no evidence of caries
A I sinitial caries
3 localised enamel breakdown due to caries with no visible dentine
4 underlying dark shadow from dentine
5 distinct cavity with visible dentine
6 extensive distinct cavity with visible dentine

28
Q

what are the full IDCAS values

A

0 no evidence of caries
1 initial cares
2 distinct visual change in enamel
3 localised enamel breakdown due to caries with no visible dentine
4 underlyiung dark shadow from dentine
5 distinct cavity with visible dentine
6 extensive cavity with visible dentine

29
Q

primary caries prevention involves

A

prevent
arrest
reverse

30
Q

secondary caries prevention involves

A

deep scaling
restoration
periodontal surgery
exodontics
endodontics

31
Q

tertiary caries prevention

A

prosthodontics
orthodontics

32
Q

describe pit and fissure caries

A

highest prevalence of all caries
bacteria rapidly colonise the pits and fissures and form a bacterial plug
appearance of s mutans in pits and fissures is followed by caries 6-24 months later
sealing of pits and fissures just after the tooth eruption may be the most important event in their resistance to caries
shape and morphological variation of the pits and fissures contributes to the susceptibility to caries

33
Q

why does dentine involvement commonly occur in pit and fissure caries

A

the enamel in the bottom of the pits and fissures is very thin, so early dentine involvement frequently occurs

34
Q

what is the direction of caries in pits and fissures

A

follows the direction of the enamel rods
triangular in shape with the apex facing the surface of the tooth
greater cavitation than seen in the undermining of enamel

35
Q

describe smooth surface caries

A

this is a less favourable site for plaque attachment and will usually attach on the smooth surface that is near the gingiva or under the proximal contact

earliest manifestation of caries is seen beneath the plaque as white spots which is decalcification

36
Q

why are proximal surfaces susceptible to caries

A

extra shelter provided to resident plaque owing to the proximal contact area immediately occlusal to the plaque
lesion has a broad area of origin

37
Q

what shape is smooth surface caries

A

V, with tip pointed to ward the dentine enamel junction

38
Q

describe root surface caries

A

proximal root surface, particularly near the cervical line, is unaffected by the action of hygiene procedures
if there is gingival recession this can favour the formation of mature, caries producing plaque and proximal root surface caries

39
Q

why is caries originating on the root alarming

A
  • comparatively rapid progression
  • closer to the pulp
  • more difficult to restore
40
Q

caries can be classified based on progression. what is acute caries

A

an active caries that is progressing. rapid process involving a large number of teeth.
lighter in colour, pulp exposure and sensitivity is common.
little opportunity for buffering or neutralisation due to saliva not easily entering the opening to the carious lesion

41
Q

describe chronic caries

A

long standing involvement affecting a few teeth, smaller than acute.
pain is not common, due to protection to the pulp by secondary dentine.
decalcified dentine is dark brown.

42
Q

describe arrested caries

A

inactive carious lesion that may have formed years previously but stopped further progression
it becomes static and shows no tendency for further progression

43
Q

what does arrested caries involving dentine look like

A

marked brown pigmentation with sclerosis of dentinal tubules and secondary dentine formation being common

44
Q

what are the two virginity options for carious lesions

A

initial/primary
recurrent/secondary

45
Q

what is primary caries

A

lesions on unrestored tooth surfaces
primary caries is one in which the lesion constitutes the initial attack on the tooth surface
designation of primary is based on the initial location of the lesion rather than the extent of the damage

46
Q

what are the common locations for secondary caries

A

rough or overhanging margins
fractures

47
Q

what can lead to secondary caries

A

poor adaptation of a restoration which allows for marginal leakage, or it may be due to inadequate extension of the restoration
if there is not adequate excavation of the original lesion, which later may appear as a residual or recurrent caries

48
Q

caries can be classified based on tissue involvement. what are the different classifications for this

A

initial caries
superficial caries
moderate caries
deep caries
deep complicated caries

49
Q

what is initial caries

A

demineralisation without a structural defect which can be reversed by fluoridation and enhanced mouth hygiene

50
Q

what is superficial caries

A

enamel caries, that has not yet penetrated the dentine

51
Q

what is moderate caries

A

dentine cares with extensive structural defect
caries has penetrated up to the dentine and spreads two dimensionally beneath the enamel defect where the dentine offers little resistance

52
Q

describe deep caries

A

deep structural defect where the caries has penetrated up to the dentine layers of the tooth close to the pulp

53
Q

describe deep complicated caries

A

caries has led to the opening of the pulp cavity

54
Q

what is simple caries

A

involving only one tooth surface

55
Q

what is compound caries

A

involving two surfaces of a tooth

56
Q

complex caries

A

involving more than two surfaces of a tooth

57
Q
A

Operative Dentistry (22 decks)

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