Introduction to Dental Caries Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three common oral diseases

A

caries
periodontal disease
oral mucosal disease

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2
Q

what is the coronal surface of the tooth

A

the surface of the tooth you can see - the enamel

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3
Q

what does it mean to say that caries is non communicable

A

it cannot be spread as it is not infectious

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4
Q

what is caries

A
  • tooth decay
  • disease of the hard tissues of the teeth
  • demineralisation of the hard tissues resulting in a clinically detectable lesion
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5
Q

what is a lesion

A

any structural change in a bodily part resulting from injury or disease

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6
Q

what causes caries

A

dietary sugars that are broken down by microorganisms in the biofilm on a tooth surface which produces acids that over time demineralise tooth enamel

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7
Q

what does it mean to describe dental caries as a dynamic prcess

A

chemical dissolution brought about by metabolic activity in a microbial deposit covering a tooth surface at any given time

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8
Q

what are the main sites of dental caries

A

coronal and root

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9
Q

which surfaces are coronal

A

smooth surface
interproximal
pits and fissures

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10
Q

how can the activity of caries be classified

A

as active or inactive

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11
Q

what are the three stages of caries

A

initial
moderate
extensive

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12
Q

what are the two relationships that caries can have with existing restorations

A

primary and secondary

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13
Q

what is primary caries

A

this affects unrestored tooth tissue

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14
Q

what is secondary caries

A

this affects the margin of an existing restoration

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15
Q

what are the regional variations of healthy enamel

A
  • surface enamel is more mineralised and harder than deeper enamel
  • hardness decreases from cusp tip to cervical region
  • these properties have functional and clinical significance
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16
Q

what is a biofilm

A

this is a thin layer of a living organism

17
Q

what are free sugars

A

those added to foods or naturally occuring in honey syrups and fruit juices

18
Q

what are the stages to the carious processes

A
  • sugars
  • plaque
  • acid
  • demineralisation
19
Q

what are the factors involved in caries development

A
  • tooth tissue
  • free sugars
  • biofilm
  • time
20
Q

what causes the acid attack in dental caries

A
  • sugar consumed
  • oral bacteria takes in sugar
  • bacteria excretes acod
  • acid dissolves tooth enamel
21
Q

what is the crucial pH for caries

A

5.5

22
Q

what is the name of the graph showing pH after eating

A

the stephan curve

23
Q

how can caries be diagnosed

A
  • clinically
  • radiographically
24
Q

how does caries appear on radiographs

A

black - radiolucent

25
Q

what is some non operative treatment for caries

A
  • diet analysis and advice
  • oral hygiene instruction
  • increase exposure to fluoride