Tooth morph + pmhp Flashcards
What are the types of teeth ?
Incisors - 8 Canines - 4 Pre molars - 8 Molars - 8 Wisdom teeth - 4
How many permanent teeth ?
32
Baby teeth = 20
Who regulates our professional ethics ?
General dental council
What are the four principles in general practice ?
Justice
Beneficence
Respect for autonomy
Non maleficence
What are ; ethics ?
Law?
Professionalism ?
Ethics - norms of practice, based on reason
Law - norms controlled by legal system
Professionalism - norms regulated by unions/councils
Some relevant legislations ?
Age of legal capacity 1991 Children act 1995 Data protection 1998 Adults with incapacity 2000 Mental health care and treatment 2003
What is statute law ?
What is common law ?
Statute - Law as a result of acts
Common - law as a result of acts
What is public law ?
What is it also known as ?
State taking person to court for illegal activities
Known as criminal law
What is private law ?
What is it also known as ?
Two people/ firms taking one another to court over a disagreement
Also known and civil law
For criminal cases ; function ? Parties? Standard of proof Decision Decided by? Powers of court ?
Upholding law and order Action brought by state - prosecutor vs defendant Beyond reasonable doubt Guilty or not guilty Sheriff or jury Prison fine ect
For civil cases ; function Parties Standard of proof Decision Decided by Powers of court
Upholding rights of individual Action brought about by individuals - pursuer vs defendant Balance of probabilities Liable or not liable Sheriff or justice of the peace Damages, injunction
Approx what percentage of patients will have a hai ?
10%
What does HAI stand for ?
Healthcare associated infection
What are some consequence of hai
Complicate recovery Extend hospital stay Incur costs Stress to individual and family Delay return to normal activity
What is the aim of the hai policy ?
Promote and maintain health care culture where infection control is most important
Promoting safe practice
Ensuring safe patient environment
Sicps - who what where when?
In all care settings
At all times
By everyone
What is the first sicps ?
Patient placement - prevent exposure to others and environment
2nd sicps?
Hand hygiene
3rd sicps?
Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette
4th sicps?
Personal protective equipment
5th sicps ?
Managing patient care equipment -
Prevent re use / cross infection
Ensure decontamination of reuseable items
Prevent environment decontamination
6th sicps ?
Control of environment
7th sicps ?
Safe management of linen
8th sicps
Management of blood and bodily spillages
9th sicps ?
Safe disposal of health care waste
10th sicps
Occupational exposure management
What may also be used as well as sicps ?
Transmission based precautions
What are the 6 links in the chain of infection ?
Infectious agent Reservoir Means of exit Mode of transmission Mode of entry Susceptible host
What factors are associated with no adherence ?
Patient characteristics
Disease related variables/ treatment variables
Provider characteristics
Provider- patient interaction
Primacy effect?
Recency effect?
Best recall of words at beginning
Best recall of words at the end
Short term memory ?
Long term memory ?
Declarative memory ?
Procedural memory ?
Retention of up to a few minutes
Retention from few minutes to decades
Memory you can reflect and report on
Memory that you cannot reflect and report on e.g learning to ride a bike
Episodic/ autobiographical?
Semantic ?
Explicit ?
Implicit ?
Recall of specific events
General knowledge
Intentional recall of some declarative memory
Occasions when memory influences out behaviour unknowingly
What are the positioning zones for a right handed person ?
7-11: operator zone
11-2 - static zone
2-4 - nurse zone
4-7 - transfer zone
What are the positioning zones for a left handed person ?
1-5 - operator zone
1-10- static zone
10-8- nurse zone
8-5- transfer zone
What are the steps in a-e emergencies ?
Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure
What was Descartes pain theory ?
Direct pathway from source to brain
Simple stimulus response model
What is the specificity theory of pain ?
Specific sensory receptors specific to each stimulation
What is the pattern theory of pain ?
Nerve impulse patterns determine degree of pain, these impulses send message to brain
What are some problems with early pain theories ?
Only useful for acute pain
Don’t explain why patients with same injuries feel different pain levels
Doesn’t explain why phantom limb pain occurs
What does the gate control theory propose ?
Where is it located ?
Gate mechanism that regulates pain prior to reaching the brain
- located in the substantia gelatinosa in the dorsal horns of spinal chord
What 3 factors are involved in the opening and closing of the gate ?
Amount of activity in pain fibres
Amount of activity in peripheral fibres
Messages that descend from the brain
What are some examples of pain behaviours?
Facial
Distorted posture
Negative emotion
Avoidance of activities
Retroactive interference ?
Proactive interference ?
Disruption in memory due to what we learn after
Disruption in memory due to things we have learned previously
