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Oral Biology 1 > Tooth Development > Flashcards

Tooth Development Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 primary embryonic layers?

A
  • Ectoderm
  • Mesoderm
  • Endoderm
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2
Q

Which one of the 3 primary embryonic layers is tooth enamel derived from?

A

ectoderm

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3
Q

Which one of the 4 primary embryonic layers are all the parts of the teeth and supporting structure apart from tooth enamel derived from?

A

Ectomesenchyme

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4
Q

What is the Ectomesenchyme?

A

neural crest tissue that develops beside the primitive nervous system (ectoderm)

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5
Q

What do teeth develop from?

A

germs

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6
Q

What is the first stage of tooth development?

A

initiation

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7
Q

What is a depression between the brain and the pericardium in an embryo which is the precursor to the mouth called?

A

stomodaeum

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8
Q

Approximately when does the primary epithelial band develop?

A

6 weeks

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9
Q

What does the primary epithelial band appear as?

A

thickening of epithelium at the embryonic mouth (stomodaeum)

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10
Q

What is the embryonic mouth called?

A

stomodaeum

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11
Q

What 2 parts does the primary epithelial band divide into?

A
  • Vestibular lamina, which will form the buccal sulcus
  • Dental lamina, from which the enamel organ develops
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12
Q

Approximately when does the dental lamina develop?

A

7 weeks

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13
Q

What shape is the dental lamina?

A

horse-shoe

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14
Q

What is the second stage in tooth development?

A

morphogenesis (bud stage)

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15
Q

What does morphogenesis mean?

A

generation of shape

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16
Q

When does the enamel organ - ‘bud’ stage 2 occur?

A

8-10 weeks

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17
Q

What happens at the ‘bud’ stage of dental development?

A
  • Dental lamina invaginate and thickens into a ‘bud’ stage enamel organ
  • An Ectomesenchymeal cell collection appears and this is the dental papilla
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18
Q

When does the enamel organ - ‘cap’ stage 3 occur?

A

11 weeks

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19
Q

What 2 epitheliums are present in the enamel ‘cap stage’?

A
  • External enamel epithelium
  • Internal enamel epithelium
  • EEE and IEE meet at the cervical loop
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20
Q

What is the acculmation of ectomesencymal cells around the enamel organ called?

A

dental follicule

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21
Q

What is the fourth stage of tooth development?

A

bell stage

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22
Q

When does the enamel organ - ‘bell’ (cytodifferentiation) stage occur?

A

14 weeks

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23
Q

At what stage is the tooth shape starting to be defined?

A

bell stage

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24
Q

What are the 4 cell layers present in the ‘bell’ stage?

A
  • Stratum intermedium
  • Internal enamel epithelium
  • External enamel epithelium
  • Stellate reticulum
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25
Q

What is the function of stellate reticulum in the bell stage?

A

keeping storage of nutrients for tissues
comprises of glycoaminosglycans (attract water) which allows space for developing crown

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26
Q

At what time does an extension appear on the lingual side of the dental lamina - this is the dental lamina for the adult tooth?

A

12 weeks

27
Q

At what time does the 1st permanent molar germ develop as a backwards extension of the dental lamina?

A

16 weeks

28
Q

What is the fifth stage of tooth development?

A

matrix secretion (late bell)

29
Q

At what time does matrix secretion (late bell stage) occur?

A

18 weeks

30
Q

In what stage does the positioning of enamel and dentine begin?

A

late bell stage within matrix secretion

31
Q

At what stage do cells become specialised?

A

late bell stage within matrix secretion

32
Q

What do dental papilla cells (adjacent to the internal enamel epithelium) differentiate into?

A

odontoblasts

33
Q

What do odontoblasts do?

A

lay down dentine matrix which is later mineralised (predefine)

34
Q

What do ameloblasts do?

A

form enamel

35
Q

What is the process of dentinogenesis?

A

Odontoblast differentiation from dental papilla cells near IEE
Deposition of dentine matrix (mainly collagen)
This unmineralised dentine is predentine
Mineralisation of dentine (hydroxyapatite)

36
Q

What do IEE cells differentiate into?

A

ameloblasts

37
Q

What are the 2 phases of formation of enamel?

A

1- Protein matrix deposition (30% mineralised matrix

2- Framework established, organic part removed, mineralisation is complete

38
Q

What happens during the differentiation stage of amelogenesis?

A

IEE cells elongate becomes columnar and the nucleus moves to the basal end to become ameloblasts

39
Q

What happens during the secretory stage of amelogenesis?

A

ameloblasts secrete and synthesise matrix proteins form the crystallites and rods (no mineralisation/hydroxyapatite)

40
Q

What happens during the maturation phase?

A

proteins are removed, mineral content is increased

41
Q

What happens during protection stage in ameloblasts?

A

ameloblasts regress (become smaller) to form a protective layer around enamel involved in eruption and epithelial attachment

42
Q

What is the 5th stage in tooth development?

A

root formation

43
Q

What must be completed before the root begins to form?

A

crown

44
Q

Where do the EEE and IEE meet?

A

cervical loop

45
Q

What does migration of the cervical loop map out?

A

crown shape

46
Q

What is the root shape defined by in root formation?

A

The length, curvature, thickness, and number of roots are all dependent on the inner root sheath cells.

47
Q

What is the apical growth (proliferation of cervical root cells) of cervical root known as?

A

hertwig’s epithelial root sheath

48
Q

What does the Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath induce?

A

formation of root dentine

49
Q

What is ‘debris of Malassez’?

A

epithelial cells on the PDL that are remains of HERS -may develop into cyst

50
Q

What are cementoblasts?

A

differentiated ectomesenchymal cells from the follicle

51
Q

What is the type of tissue, origin and product of the enamel organ?

A

epithelium, ectoderm, enamel

52
Q

What is the type of tissue, origin and product of the dental papilla?

A

ectomesenchyme, neural crest, dentine, pulp

53
Q

What is the type of tissue, origin and product of the dental follicle?

A

ectomesenchyme, neural crest, cementum, PDL, alv bone

54
Q

What are the possible characteristics of dental development disorders?

A

shape, size, structure, number, presence, eruption

55
Q

What is hypodontia

A

absence of some teeth

56
Q

What is supernumerary ‘mesio-dens’?

A

presence of extra tooth between two teeth

57
Q

What is germination?

A

two teeth in one space

58
Q

What is fusion?

A

similar to germination but more defined

59
Q

What is dentinogenesis imperfecta?

A

incorrect formation of dentine

60
Q

What type of shape are stratum intermedium and stellate reticulum cells?

A

stratum intermedium - spindle shaped
stellate reticulum - star shaped

61
Q

What do dental follicle cells differentiate into?

A

oestoblasts (alv bone)
fibroblasts (PDL)
cemenotoblasts (cementum)

62
Q

What are the dental follicle cells?

A

cells surrounding the sides of the enamel organ (dental lamina is at the bottom)

63
Q

What is the role of the epithelial cell rests of malassez?

A

remnants of hertwigs epithelial root sheath, that allow dental follicle cells to come into contact with the root dentine and to differentiate into cementoblasts

Oral Biology 1 (13 decks)

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