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Oral Biology 1 > Oral Environment 2 > Flashcards

Oral Environment 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 13 main salivary proteins?

A

Amylase
Cystatin
Gustin
Histatin
Immunoglobins
Lactoferrin
Lactoperoxidase
Lipase
Lysozyme
Mucoproteins
Plasma proteins
Proline-rich proteins
Statherins

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2
Q

What is amylase?

A

Enzyme,
activated by Cl–,
requires Ca+
Hydrolyses 1-4 starch alpha glycosidic links into maltose, maltriose, alpha-limit dextrins

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3
Q

What does lysozyme do?

A

non-specific defence
Attacks bonds in bacterial cell walls, causing lysis

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4
Q

What does lactoperoxidase do?

A

Enzyme from salivary glands and some bacteria
antibacterial action from oxidation of thiocyanate

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5
Q

What do cystatins do?

A

Inhibit cysteine proteases, especially in bacteria
Antimicrobial function

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6
Q

What does gustin do (carbonic anhydrase 4)?

A

Zinc-containing protein
Reported to facilitate taste function by activating taste buds

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7
Q

What are histatins?

A

Histidine-rich proteins
Inhibit CaPO4 precipitation (precipitation allows remineralisation)
Antimicrobial

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8
Q

What do immunoglobins do?

A

From plasma cells in salivary glands
Secretory IgA
Confers specific immunity against bacteria

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9
Q

What is lactoferrin?

A

Binds Fe 3+
Antibacterial -especially against bacteria that require Fe

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10
Q

What is lipase?

A

From von Ebner glands on tongue
Lingual lipase
Hydrolyses triglycerides

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11
Q

What are mucoproteins (mucins)?

A

CHO-protein macromolecules
Bind to tooth and epithelial surfaces:
Protective role
Lubrication
Component of primary pellicle
Affects bacterial adhesion
Promotes bacterial aggregation easier clearance from mouth

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12
Q

What do proline rich proteins do?

A

Inhibit growth of Ca3PO4 crystals
Anticalculus effect
Adsorb on to hydroxyapatite:
Acts as diffusion barrier
Decreases mineral loss
Resists acid attack
Allows remineralisation
Regulates bacterial attachment

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13
Q

What do statherins do?

A

Prevent precipitation of Ca3PO4 from saliva
Anticalculus action

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14
Q

What are examples of unconditioned salivary stimuli?

A

Mechanical
pressure on PDL / oral mucosa
Chemical
gustation
olfaction
common chemical sense

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15
Q

What does chewing (pressure on PDL) cause?

A

increased flow in the glands where chewing is happening (left or right)

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16
Q

Describe gustation stimuli

A

receptors on taste buds:
tongue dorsum, palate and epiglottis
different potencies
acid > umami = salt > sweet > bitter
adaptation to constant stimulus

17
Q

Is olfactory a strong stimuli?

A

no, very weak

18
Q

What is common chemical stimuli?

A

a ‘primitive’ response to irritants, injury
mediated by nociceptors in mucous membranes
contributes to the ‘taste’ of spices

19
Q

What are conditioned salivary stimuli?

A

psychic (thinking)
visual
auditory
think pavlovs dog

20
Q

What is the parasympathetic control of salivation?

A

increased secretion
vasodilation
serous watery

21
Q

What is the sympathetic control of salivation?

A

increased secretion
vasoconstriction
mucous protein thick

22
Q

How many stages in saliva production?

A

2

23
Q

Where does primary saliva stage occur?

A

acinus

24
Q

Where does secondary saliva stage occur?

A

duct

25
Q

What happens in primary stage

A

ACh attaches and causes influx of Cl- which enters the lumen
Na+ and water also enter the lumen creating sodium chloride and water
Bicarbonate is also increased via carbonic anhydrase

26
Q

Is salivary secretion mostly parasympathetic or sympathetic?

A

parasympathetic

27
Q

What happens in secondary stage?

A

Na+ and Cl- are reabsorbed
K+ and bicarbonate are secreted

28
Q

What pH is saliva?

A

6.8

29
Q

What kind of solution is saliva?

A

hypotonic

30
Q

Which salivary protein facilitates taste function by activating taste buds?

A

Gustin

31
Q

Which salivary protein is a potent PDE 5 activator? (PDE 5 is main target for all drugs that treat erectile dysfunction - side effect can be change of taste)

A

Gustin

32
Q

What 2 diseases does histatins in saliva inhibit?

A
  • Candida albicans - fungus that is naturally present in mouth, can eventually take control of mouth if out of control
  • Streptococcus mutans - causes caries, has different subtypes and thrives in acidic conditions

Oral Biology 1 (13 decks)

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