Mucosa

Question 1

What is mucosa?

Answer 1

moist lining made from a layer of epithelium over a layer of connective tissue called the lamina propria

Question 2

What are the functions of oral mucosa?

Answer 2

protection, secretion, sensation, absorption,

Question 3

What kind of epithelium is found in mucosa?

Answer 3

stratified squamous

Question 4

What are the usual layers of mucosa?

Answer 4

epithelium, lamina propria, submucosa, bone

Question 5

What are the types of oral mucosa?

Answer 5

gustatory
masticatory
lining

Question 6

What is masticatory?

Answer 6

mucosa on the hard palate
thick lamina propria (mucoperiosteum)
no or thin submucosa
subjected to friction
para keratinised

Question 7

What is gustatory?

Answer 7

mucosa on dorsum of tongue
keratinised
similar to masticatory
characterised by papillae, some bearing taste buds

Question 8

What is lining?

Answer 8

mobile and stretchable mucosa (cheeks, lips, floor of mouth, soft palate, ventral tongue)
non keratinised
loose lamina propria and wide submucosa

rapid turnover

Question 9

What are the epithelium layers?

Answer 9

stratum basal

stratum spinousum

stratum granulosum

stratum corneum

Question 10

What is the difference between keratinised, para-keratinised and non-keratinised?

Answer 10

keratinised = dead cells, better protection
non-keratinised = living cells
para-keratinised = atypical keratinisation that has some nucleai

Question 11

What are rete pegs?

Answer 11

epithelial extensions that project into the underlying connective tissue in both skin and mucous membranes.

Question 12

What are tonofilaments?

Answer 12

keratin intermediate filaments that combine as bundles to make tonofibrils

Question 13

What is the role of keratohaylins granules?

Answer 13

found in the stratum granulosum

role is to cross-link tonofilaments and provide a protective barrier

Question 14

What is the mucogingival junction?

Answer 14

junction between the soft, fleshy mucus membrane of the oral cavity and the tough, collagen rich gingiva

Question 15

What % do keratinocytes make up of epithelium?

Answer 15

90%

Question 16

What other cells are present?

Answer 16

Langerhans = antigen presenting cells (dendritic cells)

Merkel = sensory cells associated with mechanoreceptor neurons

Melanocytes = pigment producing

Question 17

What are the keratin projections emerging from the tongue?

Answer 17

filiform papilla

Question 18

What are the raised structures that contain tastebuds and look like mushrooms?

Answer 18

fungiform papilla

Question 19

What are the prominences at the dorsal tongue that also provide taste?

Answer 19

vallate papilla

Question 20

What is the red lip around the lip called?

Answer 20

vermillion border

Question 21

What is the inner lining of the lip called?

Answer 21

labial mucosa

Question 22

What are the two glands of the oral mucosa?

Answer 22

sebaceous glands
salivary glands

Question 23

What occurs in geographical tongue?

Answer 23

no filiform papillae in irregular patches causing smoothness

Question 24

What are the glands in the lamina propria of the lining epithelium?

Answer 24

exocrine

Question 25

What is the purpose of these minor salivary glands in lining mucosa?

Answer 25

Lubricate the surface of the cheek with mucous saliva

Question 26

Recalling the histology microscopy class on muscle tissues, what type of muscle is present deep to the glands in lining mucosa?

Answer 26

skeletal

Question 27

What layer should mitosis occur and what is the consequence if it occurs in another layer?

Answer 27

basal layer can be a sign of cancer if mitosis is occuring in the upper areas

Question 28

What are the epithelium layers of lining mucosa?

Answer 28

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum intermedium, stratum superficiale

Question 29

What is the difference between parakeratinised and keratinised?

Answer 29

parakeratinised has some cells present, keratinised has none

Question 30

What are the main histological differences between serous and mucous gland cells?

Answer 30

serous - stain pink, cell nuclei in the centre mucous - foamy cytoplasm, cell nuclei at outer edge

Question 31

What cranial nerves provide sensorial function to the mouth?

Answer 31

glossopharyngeal (IX) - provides taste sensation to posterior 1/3 of tongue facial (VII) - provides taste sensation of anterior 2/3 of tongue trigeminal (V) - mandibular division provides mucous membranes and floor of the oral cavity, anterior 2/3 of the tongue (only general sensation0 Lower molar, incisor and canine teeth and the associated gingiva

Question 32

What cranial nerves provide motor function to the mouth?

Answer 32

hypoglossal (XII) - motor function to extrinsic/intrinsic tongue muscles facial (VII) - motor function to buccinator and orbicularis iris trigeminal (V) - motor function to muscles of mastication

Question 33

What attaches the basement membrane to the stratum basale?

Answer 33

hemidesmosomes

Question 34

What do minor glands secrete?

Answer 34

all mucous apart from lingual which has serous and mucous ducts

Question 35

What papilla do not have taste buds?

Answer 35

filliform papilla