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plant Science 2 > tools and history > Flashcards

tools and history Flashcards

1
Q

Baroque Period

A

17th and 18th centuries

art and flowers no longer just for church and wealthy

gaudy and over-decorated contianers

lots of curved lines

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2
Q

aluminum wire

A

available in 12, 20, 22, 24, 26, and 30 gauge

strong and malleable

adds impact to structures and stabilizes them

available in: gold, silver, copper, black, brown, red, pink, strong, pink, purple, blue, turquoise and lime green

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2
Q

ribbon scissors

A

(ribbon with with wire requires scissors with serration)

no serration

smooth edge

long blade

very sharp

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2
Q

Contianers of Egyptain Period

A

wide-mouthed contianer which held more than percieved

made from pottery, gold, slate, and alabaster (shell and quartz like), and faience

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2
Q

Egyptain Period Styles

A

Simplistic arrangements with repetion of flower type and/or color choice

fan-shaped with rows of different types of flowers

used what was available (such as fruits)

bright colors preferred but primary most often used because they were available

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2
Q

Flowers of Egyptain Period–lotis

A

Lotis flower/ water lily most popular flower because it was the flower of Isis–usually given in honor/not for everyday; used in processions and ceremonies

Flowers were placed in low bowls filled with water

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2
Q

Greek Period

A

600 to 146 BC

very few ‘arrangements’

garlands, chaplets, cornucopias, wreaths etc were used on special occasions

petals thrown on ground for almost every occasion

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2
Q

Roman Period

A

28 BC- 325 AD

blossoms and petals scattered for ceremonies (mostly rose)

olive branches used in religious ceremonies

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2
Q

humble jug

A

holds a few stems of flowers

mostly for religious ceremonies

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2
Q

Epergne

A

container that holds arrangement with one large center dish and a few small dishes comming off the side

holds fruits or flowers

used as a centerpiece

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2
Q

Commerical American Design

A

2010

CTs floral industry includes:

600 independent flower shops

90 mass Market Florists

50 Freelance Florists (flower arranging as a side job)

40 growers and suppliers (of tools)

total sales annually: $150 million

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2
Q

pan melt glue on oasis

A

dip bottom of dry piece of foam in melted glue and place in container (glue wont stick to wet piece)

then soak foam and dish on an angle

dont use on glass containers

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2
Q

English-Gregorian Period

A

1700s

named after kings george I,II,III

flower fragarance was important becuase it was thought to ward off disease

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2
Q

Victorian Era styles

A

groups of large masses of flowers in compact design

no true center

created first set of ‘rules’

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2
Q

Ribbon is important because

A

it adds a higher (or lower) percieved value to the arrangement based on the quality of the bow

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2
Q

Ribbon materials

A

lace cotton velvet satin nylon acetate plastic burlap papertwist polypropylene (10 types)

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2
Q

when wholesaler gets flowers…

A

unload in cold storage area (40-50F) with high humidity levels

then unpacked, inspected (for bugs, diseases, damage), processed and repacked into smaller bunches

stored in coolers 36-38F ex. tropical at 50F

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2
Q

precooling

A

the process that replaces the warm air in a box of flowers with refrigerated air

important becuase flowers are using food storage supplies to create energy to sustian life and are giving off heat which will quicke life preoceses

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2
Q

plant cells that are filled with water are called

A

turgid

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3
Q

corsage and boutonniere accessories

A

includes boutonniere and corsage pins, bags and peal pins may include corsage wristbands

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4
Q

wire snips

A

spring action handle with short blades

used to cut heavy duty wire, and corsage and boutonniere stems

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5
Q

purpose of floral food

A

provide sugar (sucrose and dextrose)

lower ph (make more acidic) so it can take up water faster

kill bacteria

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5
Q

rehydration

A

most important step

flowers are dry packed and must be quickly rehydrated

floral food has a rehydration component whic makes flowers 3.5 acidic

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6
Q

Floral foam should be ——- above the rim of the container except when you need it to be higher

A

1/2 in to 1 in

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6
Q

most grower harvest when?

A

at first light

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7
Q

basic goal of chemicals in fresh flower production

A

increase flowers life

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8
Q

most flowers in the US are shipped from

A

foriegn countries

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9
Q

transpiration can be reduced by

A

low humidity environment

avoiding over-handling flowers

avoiding drafts

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10
Q

how a retailer orders flowers for wedding

A

call rep and tell her how many flowers, what kind, and when

rep will contact wholesaler who will contact broker who will contact bidder

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10
Q

after bunches are separated they are

A

tied w/ elastic and put in sleeves to prevent tangling of heads

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12
Q

floral scissors

A

for cutting ribbon and wire

long, slender blade

serrated edges should only be used on wire

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13
Q

flower grade quality is based on

A

stem length and flower size (goes up by 10cm incraments)

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14
Q

flowers usually imported via— and go to

A

plane or boat

major air or boat ports

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15
Q

floral preservatives

A

used to extend shelf life of fresh flowers

replenishes food source

lowers ph

reduces bacterial growth

best product for cut flowers

created commercially

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17
Q

stem strippers

A

used to remove thorns and leaves from stems

needs to be used carefully to prevent stripping bark from stems

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19
Q

anchor tape

A

comes in white and green

waterproof and pressure sensitive (sticks to a surface when force is applied to it)

also known as waterproof tape

for holding wet or dry foam in place

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21
Q

how a retailer orders flowers

A

go to wholesaler website

call rep who works at wholesalers

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22
Q

always give foam

A

plenty of time to sink

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23
Q

Flower symbolism

A

art represented religous history

rose: sacred/ undying love

White lily; fertility

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24
Q

types of ribbon

A

single faced (acetate)

double faced (satin)

curling ribbon

26
Q

satin ribbon

A

easiest to work with

most commonly used for **weddings **

28
Q

foam should be left to – until the block has– —

A

sink; stopped bubbling

30
Q

2 ways of tinting

A

externally: floral spray paint, or floral dip
interally: add dye to solution flower is soaking in

31
Q

American Victorian

A

1845-1900

copied European Victorian styles

1862- garden clubs, which helped people see the importance of horticulture, begin

Epergne

32
Q

put similar flowers

A

in the sam percona

33
Q

types of floral sleeves

A

plastic, paper and cardboard

35
Q

floral stem tape

A

activated only when stretched

adheres to itself

comes in a variety of colors

used to create corsages, bouquets, headpieces, boutonnieres and nosegays

36
Q

Egyptian period floral design began in the year

A

2800 BC

37
Q

how are flowers packed

A

roses and carns: horizontal

orchids and lilys: vertical

specialty flowers: damp shredded newspaper

38
Q

bows give an arrangement a – look

A

finished (also expensive)

40
Q

storage containers

A

may include a wet pack for flowers with longer stems

can be used for smaller amounts of flowers

used to display flowers in coolers

41
Q

exception for floral prepping steps

A

leatherleaf

42
Q

if there are dry areas in your foam and the end of a flower stem lands in it, it will not

A

draw water

44
Q

floral foam knifes

A

extra long blade

used to cut foam bricks

45
Q

a bow should be used to – an arrangement and not:

A

accent; draw attiention away from flowers

46
Q

HIghest countries for flower consumption

A

Germany, US, France, Switzerland, Holland, Great Britian, Austria, Belgium, Sweden (top 9)

47
Q

stem blockage

A

xylem becomes clogged and no water movement can occur

most common cause of poor absorbtion

49
Q

the Renaissance period took place in the

A

14th century

49
Q

more salt in water=

A

harder for plant to take it up

flowers will burn

50
Q

top 5 worldwide fresh flower exporters

A

colombia, ecuador, netherlands, isreal, italy

51
Q

plants wilt becuase

A

cells have lost water

53
Q

major floral crops shipped to the US

A

roses, carnations, mums, babys breath, alstromaria

54
Q

basic steps of prepping flowers

A

undo boxes

take all bunches of flowers out of boxes

check invoice

prep percona

take plastic and elastic off flowers

check qualtiy/ health of flowers

pull off bottom leaves

clean cut bottom of each stem

immediately put in water

(9 steps)

56
Q

Renaissance Design Style

A

large elaborate containers

based on mass/ large quantity of flowers

no visible stems

visablly symmetrical/ balanced

triangular or cone-shaped

also: single stem of lily in humble jug

57
Q

hydrogen ions do what to cut flowers

A

slow down process of plant taking up water

therefore add acid because lower ph= less hydrogen

59
Q

Egyptian Period

A

2800-28 BC

Oldest time period of floral aranging

60
Q

common signs of ethelene exposure

A

yellowing leaves

dropped florets

fallen petals

prevented by ethelene inhibitors

61
Q

cornucopia

A

started during greek period

stood straight up and needed something to hold it up

held flowers or fruits

symbolized abundance

“horn of plenty’

62
Q

Colonial Style

A

1714-1780

focus on boquets

used massed, rounded or fan-shaped

picked out of garden but trying to make look nice

casual, open, homespun style

64
Q

Gregorian Period Styles

A

nosegays and tussie-mussies

wearable flowers

formal and symmetrical

66
Q

size 9 ribbon

A

best for everything except corsages

67
Q

floral arranging first began in the country of

A

Egypt

69
Q

floral wire

A

sizes include: 20, 22, 24, 26 and 30 gauge

used to lengthen and strengthen stems and make bows

for corsages, arrangements, wreaths and swag holders

69
Q

from grower to retailer

A

foriegn grower

truck or plane

auction

broker (flowers do not go here)

plane (or boat or truck)

wholesaler

transportation

retailer

consumer

71
Q

waterproof clay

A

waterproof once its been used

for sticking containers together

72
Q

Victorian Era

A

named after queen victoria (1837-1901)

flower arranging first officially recognised as an art

73
Q

broker

A

handles functions between buyers and selers at the auctions (sells flowers to wholesalers for the bidder who immediately contacts broker after purchase)

74
Q

on floral foam, always use a –, never break or snap because:

A

knife

it will make the edges uneven and messy and make designing difficult

75
Q

must use a – bucket to avoid– –

A

clean; bacteria growth

76
Q

cut foam in a – with either a – knife or a – knife so that:

A

straight edge; foam; floral

container will fit better

78
Q

Art Nouveau

A

1890-1910 in Europe and America

Curvilinear lines

Asymetrical

all lines are curved

symbolic of nature

80
Q

Fluorocarbons

A

molecules composed wholly of carbon and fluorine

81
Q

major US flower producing states

A

California, Florida, Colorado, Hawaii

82
Q

the geometric mass design time period took place in the 1960s and 1970s it was known for

A

tight geometric bouquets

83
Q

there should be enough water so that the blocks of foam can – freely

A

float

85
Q

clear tape

A

adheres to dry surface and remains in place even when exposed to moisture

used to make grids for flowers in vases

86
Q

Early American Style

A

really a lack of style

focus on usefulness

plants were grown for food or medical purposes and put into jugs to extend life

often dried afterward

87
Q

for ribbons: the larger the number,

A

the wider the ribbon

industry standards dictate what sizes mean

88
Q

the Netherlands are the largest–

A

flower distributer

90
Q

only cut the – of foam you–

A

amout; need

91
Q

Geometric Mass Design

A

1960s and 1970s

psycadelic

color-blocking

angular shapes

tight geometic boquets

comined mass and line

92
Q

for formal occasions, ribbon with a – texture is used

A

finer

93
Q

how are flowers conditioned

A

placed in floral preservative solution

allow to sit at room temp for 2-3 hr

place in cooler set at 34-38F with high humidity and constant light

94
Q

storage in retial shops

A

stored in perconas in walk-in coolers

low temps, high humidity

95
Q

bullion wire

A

usually 28 gauge

adds sparkle and shine

great for wrapping stems to add a colorful flair

96
Q

bud opening

A

speed up bud opening process by letting flowers sit in solution which contians sugar and a germicide (fights bacteria & diseases)

flowers need to be in a warm well-lit area when in use

97
Q

glue guns

A

available in high and low temperature

styles sticks come in 1/4 in and 1/2 in

used on supplies not flowers

98
Q

Renaissance Period

A

14th century/1300s

period after middle ages

arts flourised

starts in Italy and spreads throughout Europe

99
Q

Art Deco Style

A

1920s-1930s

strong, geometric lines

minimalistic

plant Science 2 (6 decks)

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