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plant Science 2 > principles and elements > Flashcards

principles and elements Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

principles

A

ways to work with or arrange elements

describe the way the elements fit together

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2
Q

5 principles

A 
rhythm
emphasis
balance
proportion
harmony
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3
Q

rhythm

A

repeats design elements
creates organized movement and order
provides direction and guides the viewers’ eyes

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4
Q

movement

A

shows action and directs the viewers eyes

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5
Q

emphasis

A

the center of interest
catches the viewers’ attention
creates a focal point
uses color, size or unique shape to create focal point

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6
Q

balance

A

a distribution of visual weight
directs focus for the viewers’ eye
creates a sense of rest and equilibrium

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7
Q

2 types of balance

A

symmetrical (formal balance)

asymmetrical (informal balance)

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8
Q

proportion/scale

A

the relationship of parts to each other and to the design as a whole
explains how size, amount and number relate
difference of the area occupied by one shape to another
exaggerated or centralized to draw viewers’ eye

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9
Q

harmony/ unity

A

when everything in the piece works together
when several elements hold viewers’ attention
components blended together without separation
achieved by repetition of related components

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10
Q

elements

A

‘rules’ we use when creating designs to make them look good

interpretive components used to create distinctive designs

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11
Q

5 elements of design

A 
color 
line
space
texture 
form
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12
Q

form

A

also ‘shape’

refers to the outline/ 3-D shape of an arrangement

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13
Q

2 types of form

A

open form– the skeleton is flowers but leaves to interpretation what the shape is
closed form– flowers fill the entire 3-D shape

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14
Q

filler material is used

A

to fill empty space

not ever as a focal point

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15
Q

form flowers

A

unique
not used in every arrangement
unusual shape
sometimes focal point

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16
Q

forms ‘within’ forms

A

refers to the shape or form of the flowers/ foliage
use different shaped flowers to create a shaped arrangement
material types:
line
mass
filler
form

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17
Q

line flowers

A

creates a straight line in an arrangement

if used improperly has peacock or triangular look

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18
Q

mass flowers

A

add weight and fill space

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19
Q

line

A

provides a visual pathway for a viewer’s eye to follow so that they can see the entire arrangement and not just the focal point
creates the structural framework
lines are 2-D

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20
Q

4 types of lines

A

vertical
horizontal
diagonal
curved

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21
Q

horizontal lines

A

acts as a dividing point
represents rest/relaxation
used in funeral pieces

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22
Q

vertical lines

A

sense of height
taller= more powerful
symbol of strength

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23
Q

diagonal

A

imply feeling of movement
helps depth perception/ adds depth
formal

24
Q

curved lines

A

graceful and gentle

informal

25
Q

static lines

A

horizontal and vertical

do not encourage movement

26
Q

dynamic lines

A

diagonal and curved

encourage movement

27
Q

space

A

area between and around the materials in a design as well as the area those materials occupy

28
Q

positive space

A

occupied by materials

29
Q

negative space

A

empty/ open
should always be in an arrangement
helps form

30
Q

void

A

connecting spaces

31
Q

texture

A

surface quality or characteristics of a material

32
Q

incorporating textures into your arrangement will

A

increase visual interest in the design

33
Q

color

A

the reflection of light from a pigmented surface transmitted through the brain by the eyes

34
Q

primary colors

A

red
yellow
blue

35
Q

secondary colors

A

created by mixing equal parts of the primary colors
orange
green
violet

36
Q

tertiary colors

A 
created by mixing equal parts of a primary color with a secondary color
red-orange
yellow-orange
yellow-green
blue-green
blue-violet
red-violet
37
Q

neutral colors

A

white- presence of all colors
black- absence of all colors
gray
these 3 colors make up the gray scale

38
Q

hue

A

represents a family of color

red is a pure hue, pink is a tint, maroon is a shade, pink and maroon are members of the red hue

39
Q

value

A

the lightness or darkness of a hue achieved by the addition of white, gray or black
white increases value
black decreases value

40
Q

adding white to a hue creates a

A

tint

41
Q

adding gray to a hue creates a

A

tone

42
Q

adding black to a hue creates a

A

shade

43
Q

chroma

A

refers to the degree of intensity, strength, saturation, or purity of a color

44
Q

purity of a color

A

freedom from white, black or gray

45
Q

color harmonies

A

result through the combining of tints, tones, shades and hues

46
Q

relating color harmonies

A

monochromatic

analogous

47
Q

monochromatic color harmony

A

includes tints, tones and shades of the same hue

48
Q

analogous color harmony

A

colors that are adjacent on the color wheel

49
Q

contrasting color harmonies

A

complementary
split complementary
triadic
polychromatic

50
Q

complementary color harmony

A

features colors directly opposite on the color wheel

51
Q

split complementary color harmony

A

combining one color with two colors on either side of its direct complement

52
Q

triadic color harmony

A

involves 3 colors equally spaced on the color wheel

53
Q

polychromatic color harmony

A

includes a wide range of colors

54
Q

(color) place lighter value materials – and in the – areas of an arrangement. Place darker value materials – and – to the – of the arrangement

A 
higher
outermost
lower
closer
center
55
Q

advancing colors

A

resemble fire and heat
appear active
make flowers appear larger and dominant

56
Q

receding colors

A

cool colors
recede and look smaller
provide depth

57
Q

to create a focal point in an arrangement using color, a designer will

A

allow one color to dominate

plant Science 2 (6 decks)

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