Tongue

Question 1

• mass of striated muscle
• covered with mucous
  membrane
• anterior 2/3 lies in the mouth
• posterior1/3 lies in the pharynx

Answer 1

TONGUE

Question 2

• divides tongue into the right and left halves

Answer 2

MEDIAN FIBROUS SEPTUM

Question 3

Muscles of the tongue

Answer 3

1. Intrinsic muscle

2. ExTrinsic muscle

Question 4

• confined to the tongue
• not attached to bones
• consists of :
  a. Longitudinal
  b. Transverse
  c. Vertical fibers

Answer 4

INTRINSIC MUSCLES

Question 5

• attached to the bones and soft palate
• consists of:
  a. Genioglossus
  b. Hyoglossus
  c. Styloglossus
  d. Palatoglossus

Answer 5

EXTRINSIC MUSCLES

Question 6

Movements of the tongue

Answer 6

1. Protrusion
     > genioglossus
2. Retraction
     > styloglossus and hyoglossus
3. Depression
     > hyoglossus
4. Retraction and Elevation of posterior third
     > styloglossus and palatoglossus
5. Shape changes
     > intrinsic muscles

Question 7

Blood supply of the tongue

Answer 7

1. Lingual artery
2. Tonsillar branch of the facial artery
3. Ascending pharyngeal artery

*the vein drains into the internal jugular vein

Question 8

Nerve supply of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Answer 8

1. Lingual nerve branch of mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
2. Chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve

Question 9

Nerve supply of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Answer 9

1. Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 10

• v-shaped sulcus
• its apex projects backward
• marked by a small pit, the foramen cecum
• divide the tongue into the anterior two thirds, or oral part, and the posterior third, or pharyngeal part

Answer 10

SULCUS TERMINALIS

Question 11

• an emryologic remnant and marks the site of the upper end of the thyroglossal duct.

Answer 11

FORAMEN CECUM

Question 12

• present on the upper surface of the anterior two thirds of the tongue
• consists of :
  a. filiform papillae
  b. fungiform papillae
  c. circumvallate papillae
  d. foliate papillae
• mucous membrane covering the posterior third of the tongue is devoid of papillae but has an irregular surface, caused by the presence of underlying lymph nodules, the lingual tonsil

Answer 12

TONGUE PAPILLAE

Question 13

• it houses the receptor organs

- located mostly in the tongue, and in soft palate and cheeks

Answer 13

TASTE BUDS

Question 14

Structure of taste buds

Answer 14

• Gustatory cells are the receptors
• Have gustatory hairs (long microvilli)
• Hairs are stimulated by chemicals dissolved in
• Impulses are carried to the gustatory complex by several cranial nerves because taste buds are found in different areas
• Facial nerve
• Glossopharyngeal nerve
• Vagus nerve

Question 15

Sweet receptors

Answer 15

• Sugars
• Saccharine
• Some amino acid

Question 16

Sour receptors

Answer 16

• Acids

Question 17

Bitter receptors

Answer 17

• alkaloids

Question 18

Salty receptors

Answer 18

• Metal ions