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General Anatomy 2 > Ears > Flashcards

Ears Flashcards

1
Q

Ears consist of:

A
  1. External ear
  2. Middle ear / Tympanic cavity
  3. Inner ear/ Labyrinth
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2
Q

External ear consist of:

A
  1. Auricle

2. External Auditory Meatus

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3
Q
  • paired structure found on either side of the head

- functions to capture and direct sound waves towards the external acoustic meatus

A

AURICLE

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4
Q
  • elastic cartilage
  • hairs, sebaceous and
    ceruminous glands (barrier)
A

OUTER 1/3 OF EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS

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5
Q
  • bone
  • measures 1 inch long in the adult
  • narrowest 0.2 inch (5mm) from the tympanic membrane
A

INNER 2/3 OF EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS

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6
Q

Nerve supply of the outer ear

A
  1. Auricotemporal nerve

2. Auricular branch of vagus nerve

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7
Q

Internal ear consists of:

A
  1. Tympanic cavity
  2. Tympanic membrane
  3. Auditory ossicles
  4. Auditory tube
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8
Q
  • narrow, oblique, slit like cavity

- communicates with the nasopharynx (via auditory or eustachian tube) and mastoid antrum

A

TYMPANIC CAVITY

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9
Q
  • formed by a thin plate of bone known as tegmen tympani

- separates the tympanic cavity and cranial cavity

A

ROOF OF TYMPANIC CAVITY

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10
Q
  • formed by a thin plate of bone (may be deficient and may be partly replaced by fibrous tissue)
  • separates the tympanic cavity from the superior bulb of the internal jugular vein
A

FLOOR OF TYMPANIC CAVITY

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11
Q
  • formed below by a thin plate of bone
  • separates the tympanic cavity from the internal carotid artery.
  • upper part has two openings into 2 canals:
    > lower and larger leads into the auditory tube
    > upper and smaller is the entrance into the canal for the tensor tympani muscle
A

ANTERIOR WALL OF TYMPANIC CAVITY

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12
Q
  • upper part has a large, irregular opening, the aditus to the mastoid antrum.
  • below this is a small, hollow, conical projection, the pyramid
    > from whose apex emerges the tendon of the stapedius muscle.
A

POSTERIOR WALL OF TYMPANIC CAVITY

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13
Q
  • largely formed by the tympanic membrane
A

LATERAL WALL OF TYMPANIC CAVITY

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14
Q
  • pearly gray, thin fibrous membrane
  • concaved laterally
  • circular, 1 cm in diameter
  • separates the outer ear from the middle ear
  • vibrates in response to sound pressure waves.
A

TYMPANIC MEMBRANE

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15
Q
  • central depressed portion of the tympanic membrane

- due to the tip of the handle of the malleus

A

UMBO

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16
Q

Nerve supply of the tympanic membrance

A
  1. Auricotemporal nerve

2. Auricular branch of vagus nerve

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17
Q

Auditory ossicles is consists of:

A
  1. Malleus (hammer)
  2. Incus (anvil)
  3. Stapes (stirrup) smallest bone of the body
18
Q
  • largest ossicle
  • rounded head articulates with the incus
  • neck
    > constricted part below the head
  • handle/ manubrium
    >passes downward and backward and is firmly attached to the medial surface of the TM
A

MALLEUS

19
Q
  • posseses a large body and two processes

- the body is rounded and articulates anteriorly with the head of the malleus

A

INCUS

20
Q
  • has a head, a neck, two limbs, and a base.
  • head
    > is small and articulates with the long process of the incus.
  • neck
    >is narrow and receives the insertion of the stapedius muscle
A

STAPES

21
Q

Muscles of the ossicles

A
  1. Tensor tympani

2. Stapedius

22
Q

Origin: from the cartilage of the auditory tube and the bony walls of its own canal.
Insertion: Handle of the malleus
Nerve supply: a branch from the nerve to the medial
pterygoid muscle (a branch of V3)
Action: reflexly damps down the vibrations of the malleus by making the tympanic membrane more tense.

A

TENSOR TYMPANI MUSCLE

23
Q

Origin: internal walls of the hollow pyramid
Insertion: the tendon emerges from the apex of the pyramid and is inserted into the neck of the stapes
Nerve supply: Nerve to the stapedius from the facial nerve
Action: reflexly damps down the vibrations of the stapes by pulling on the neck of that bone

A

STAPEDIUS MUSCLE

24
Q
  • extends from the anterior wall of the tympanic cavity downward, forward, and medially to the nasal pharynx.
  • posterior 1/3 is bony and the anterior 2/3 is cartilaginous
  • serves to equalize air pressures in the tympanic cavity and the nasal pharynx.
A

AUDITORY TUBE

25
Q

Nerve supply of middle ear

A
  1. Tympanic nerve
26
Q
  • arises from the glossopharyngeal nerve just below the jugular foramen.
  • into branches which form the tympanic plexus
  • supplies the lining of the middle ear
A

TYMPANIC NERVE

27
Q

Inner ear consist of:

A
  1. Bony labyrinth
    - vestibule
    - semicircular canals
    - cochlea
  2. Membranous labyrinth
28
Q
  • 3 parts:
    1. Vestibule
    2. Semicircular canals
    3. Cochlea
  • lined by endosteum and contain clear fluid, the perilymph in which the membranous labyrinth is suspended
A

BONY LABYRINTH

29
Q
  • central part of the bony labyrinth
  • posterior to the cochlea and anterior to the
    semicircular canals
A

VESTIBULE

30
Q
  • these are lodged within the vestibule
A

SACCULE AND UTRICLE

31
Q
  • consists of superior, posterior, lateral
  • ooen into the posterior part of the vestibule
  • each canal has a swelling at one end called the ampulla.
A

SEMICIRCULAR CANALS

32
Q
  • lodged within the semicircular canals
A

SEMICIRCULAR DUCTS

33
Q
  • resembles a snail shell
  • opens into the anterior part of the vestibule
  • consists of a central pillar, the modiolus
  • perforated by branches of the cochlear nerve
A

COCHLEA

34
Q
  • a central pillar

- has a broad base, which is situated at the bottom of the internal acoustic meatus.

A

MODIOLUS

35
Q
  • divides the cochlear canal into the scala vestibuli above and the scala tympani below
A

BASILAR MEMBRANE

36
Q
  • extracellular fluid found within the scala vestibuli and scala tymphani
A

PERILYMPH

37
Q
  • located on the walls of the utricle and saccule are specialized sensory receptors which are sensitive to orientation of head to gravity or other acceleration forces.
  • the semicircular ducts are arranged at right angles to each other so that all 3 planes are represented.
  • the highly specialized epithelium that lies on the basilar membrane (found in the duct of the cochlea) of the spiral organ of Corti and contains the sensory receptors for hearing.
A

MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH

38
Q

Never supply of the inner ear

A
  1. Vestibulecochlear nerve
39
Q
  • expanded to form the vestibular ganglion

- it supplies the utricle, saccules and the ampullae of the semicircular ducts

A

VESTIBULAR NERVE

40
Q
  • gives off peripheral branches passing from a sensory ganglion then to the spiral organ of Corti
A

COCHLEAR NERVE

General Anatomy 2 (4 decks)

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