TOLD Definitions (21 June 2015) Flashcards
Acceleration Check Time
Time required to accelerate to a predetermined speed.
Vmca
Air Minimum Control Speed:
Minimum airpseed at which a straight flight path can be maintained with the engine most critical to later or directional control failed and with the tremaining engines operating at Maximum thrust. A straight flight shall be maintained with maximum rudder deflection and no more than 5 degrees of bank away from the dead engine.
COF
Climbout Factor:
Non dimensional parameter used to assess climb gradient and obstacle clearance capability. It represents climb gradient capability, in percent, available with flaps and slats for takeoff at a heigh of 50 feet, with gear retracted, out of ground effect, at the minimum climbout speed. For these conditions, the climbout factor is equal to the climb gradient capability.
CFL
Critical Field Length:
Total length of runway required to accelerate with all engines to critical engine failure speed, experience a most critical engine failure, then continue to takeoff or stop.
V1
Engine Failure Recognition Speed:
Speed reached 1.5 seconds after the most critical engine failure which gives the same distance to either continue the takeoff or stop.
VGO
Go Speed:
Speed at which the pilot normally becomes committed to continue the takeoff. Go speed is the lowest of rotation speed (VROT), refusal speed (VR), or maximum brake energy speed (VBMAX). This speed shall be determined prior to brake release.
VMCG
Ground Minimum Control Speed:
Minimum speed during the takeoff run at which the aircraft’s engine most critical to the directional control can fail with the remaining engines operating at selected thrust and still maintain directional control. Additionally, a deviation of no more than 28 feet from the ground path originally intended can result, using the elevator, aileron, spoiler, rudder controls, nose wheel steering on a dry hard surface runway, with a 1 second pilot reaction time. The diminished advantage of nose wheel steering will be considered on wet, icy, or austere runways. Ground minimum control speed during rotation is calculated assuming no credit for nose wheel steering. (NOTE: Always consider VMCG directional control limitations unless computing TOLD for takeoff from semi-prepared runways or matted runways that are less than 90 feet wide IAW Appendix B or Appendix C. Disregard VMCG requires command approval.
VMCO
Minimum Climbout Speed:
Minimum speed recommended for three-engine obstacle clearance.
Refusal Distance
Distance required to accelerate to refusal speed with normal acceleration.
VR
Refusal Speed:
Maximum speed to which the aircraft can accelerate and then stop in the available runway.
VROT
Rotation Speed:
Rotation speed is the speed at which rotation from the three point attitude to the takeoff attitude is initiated by applying back pressure to the control stick.
Runway Available
Actual runway length less the aircraft lineup distance. It does not include overrun.
RCR
Runway Condition Reading:
Measure of the coefficient of friction between the tire and the runway surface. The RCR defines the surface condition of the runway and is used to evaluate the stopping capability of the aircraft.
RFF
Rolling Friction Factor:
Accounts for the effect of ground speed on the rolling coefficient of friction and is used to assess acceleration degradation on semi-prepared runways. Refer to Appendix B or Appendix C for more information. Note: Do no apply RFF unless computing TOLD for takeoff from semi-prepared or matted runways IAW Appendix B or Appendix C.
RSC
Runway Surface Condition:
Average runway surface covering given in depth and type.
