Toddler Talk Flashcards
Word combinations commence…
at approx. number of words
at approx. age
+ what continues?
At around 50 words
At around 18 months
Single word, babble, jargon continues during the child’s second year
Transition to Word Combinations:
Gestural-Verbal
Syllable Addition
Reduplication
Two element gestural-verbal combinations:
gesture = concept 1 (point to car)
word = concept 2 (“go”)
CV/CVCV vocalisation (no referent) precedes or follows a word
eg.
Ma baby, Te baby, baby bu
beda cookie, beda doggie
Reduplication of single word utterances:
doggie doggie, mummy mummy
Multiword Utterance Types x3
Word Combinations
Pivot Schemas
Item-based Constructions
Multiword Utterance Types:
Word Combinations
x2
+ examples
Two words to describe an event or experience.
May have pause between which gradually shortens.
eg.
Water…hot
bye…wave
drink…cup
Multiword Utterance Types:
Pivot Schemas
x2
Pivot + Open
+ examples
Two word phrases with a systematic pattern.
Order of pivot and open words match language syntax patterns.
1 word= pivot/intent
1 word= open/blank
eg.
Want (pivot) ball (open)
Want (pivot) mummy (open)
Daddy (open) do (pivot)
Nanna (open) do (pivot)
More (pivot) juice (open)
More (pivot) cookie (open)
Multiword Utterance Types:
Item Based Constructions
x2
+examples
Follows Subject-Verb-Object (SVO)
May contain morphological markers
Daddy (subject) go (verb)
Throw (verb) ball (object)
Baby’s bed
drive to grandma
Mummy singing
Brown’s Semantic Relations:
Thematic relationships expressed by common word combinations based on the range of intentions a child expresses.
Starting Age Range:
Semantic Relationships x 9
2 Word Utterances Commence:
18-24 months
Action+Agent
Action+Affected
Action+Location
Entity+Attribute
Entity+Location
Possessor+Possession
Nomination+ ______
Recurrence+______
Negation+_______
Brown/s Semantic Relations
Example Utterances:
Action+Agent
Action+Affected
Action+Location
Entity+Location
Entity+Attribute
Possessor+Possession
Nomination+ ______
Recurrence+______
Negation+_______
EXAMPLE GUIDE:
Action+Agent
Daddy eat
Action+Affected
Throw ball
Action+Location
Sleep bed
Entity+Location
Juice fridge
Entity+Attribute
red sock
Possessor+Possession
Mummy’s bag
Nomination+ ______
This book
Recurrence+______
Push again
Negation+_______
No bedtime
Morpheme Development Order
Present Progressive 12-28 months
running, jumping
Prepositions: 27-30 months
in, on
Regular Plurals 24-33 months
socks, cats
(with overgeneralisation for irregular plurals: foots, mouses/mices)
Irregular Past Tense 25-46 months
fell, went, sat, came
Possessive ‘s 26-40 months
Mummy’s, the dog’s,
Articles 28-36 months
the, a/an
Regular Past Tense 26-48 months
kicked, hopped, hugged
(with common overgeneralisation: eated, falled)
3rd Person Singular s 26-46 months
He walks, she runs, Mummy sings
3rd Person Singular Irregular 28-50 months
He does the cooking, she goes to work)
Copula
Uncontractible
Contractible
A copula is a linking verb.
(is are were be)
Functions as the verb in the sentence.
(James is happy, we are smart, they were tired.)
Uncontractible 27-40 months
she is, they are, you will be.
Contractible 4 years
she’s, they’re
Auxiliary
Uncontractible
Contractible
An auxiliary is a helping verb.
Added to another verb.
Usually indicates verb tense.
(is, are, were, be, am)
Uncontractible 29-48 months
She is singing, he is eating, I am playing, they will be coming over.
Contractible 4 years
she’s singing, he’s eating
Mean Length of Utterance
Divide
Number of Morphemes
By
Number of Utterance
(usually 100 utterances)
Browns Linguistic Stages:
Stage 1
MLU
Utterance Description
Age
Morphemes Acquired
Stage 1
MLU: 1.0-2.0
Single word utterances expanding to 2 word utterances (semantic relations)
Age: 12-26 months
Morphemes:
free
semantic relations
Browns Linguistic Stages:
Stage 2
MLU
Age
Morphemes Acquired
Stage 2
MLU: 2.0 - 2.5
Age: 27-30 months
Morphemes:
Present Progressive
Preposition
Plural s
Browns Linguistic Stages:
Stage 3
MLU
Age
Morphemes Acquired
Stage 3
MLU: 2.5 - 3.0
Age: 31-34 months
Morphemes Acquired:
Irregular Past Tense
Possessive ‘s
Uncontractible Copula
Browns Linguistic Stages:
Stage 4
MLU
Age
Morphemes Acquired
Stage 4
MLU: 3.5 - 3.75
Age: 35-40 months
Morphemes Acquired:
Articles
Reg. Past Tense
3rd Person Singular s
Browns Linguistic Stages:
Stage 5
MLU
Age
Morphemes Acquired
Stage 5
MLU: 3.75 - 4.50
Age: 41-46 months
Morphemes Acquired:
Uncontractible auxiliary
Contractible copula
Contractible auxiliary
