Birth to 1: Speech Production and Perception Flashcards
Infant Perception:
Birth to 3 Months
General (5)
By 2 months (1)
By 3 months (2)
Startles to loud sounds
Quiets when spoken to
Preference for mothers face/voice
Turns head (interest) to sounds/voices
Detect changes in intonation
By 2 months:
imitate facial expression
By 3 months:
focus on speaker’s eyes
engage in vocal turn taking (cooing)
Infant Perception
4-6 months
General (4)
At 6 months (3)
Moves eyes to direction of sounds
Responds to changes in tone (attitude) of voice
Recognise difference in human/non-human sounds
Tune into language sounds
At 6 months:
recognise difference in voiced/unvoiced phonemes
recognise and imitate some sounds
recognise their name (or similar words)
Infant Perception
7 months - 1 year
General (4)
6-12m (1)
9-12m (1)
Enjoys turn taking games (peekaboo)
Listens when spoken to
Recognises common labels/words
Begins to respond to requests
6-12 months:
Chooses toys based on adult facial expression
9-12 months:
Follow direction of adult gaze
Infant Production
0-2 Months
Reflexive Stage (4+1)
Burping
Coughing
Crying
Whingeing
Social Smiles
Infant Production
1-4 Months
Control of Phonation (6)
Cooing
True vowel production + some consonants
Vocalisations: vowel-like segment with consonant-like segment
Laughter
Vocalise excitement/displeasure
Vocal experimentation and vocal play
Infant Production
3-8 Months
Expansion (2)
Isolated vowel production (2 or more vowels)
Marginal Babbling:
Long extensions of vowels or repeated sounds
consonants: p..p….p vowels: oooh….ooh….oooh
Infant Production
5-10 Months
Basic Syllables: 2 Babbling Types
Canonical Babbling:
same CV syllable sequence: ba ba ba ba
Variegated Babbling:
different CV syllable sequence: ba bi bu bu ti ba
Infant Production
10-18 Months
Advanced Forms (3)
Complex Syllable Shapes: CV, CVC, CVCC (non-words)
Multisyllabic Strings: intonation and stress
Jargon + actions/movements/gesture
4 Foundations of Caregiver Interactions
- Preparatory Activities: physical needs
reduce hunger, reduce fatigue, soothe, calm - State-Setting Activities: environment
move into visual field, obtain attention with vocalisations - Communication Framework: how
modulate speech, rhythmic tapping, patting, body movements, provide a focus for attention - Modifications/Motherese:
use baby-talk, imitate baby, routine phrases
Characteristics of Baby Talk/Motherese/Parentese:
Verbal (7) + Non-Verbal (4)
Short utterance length
Simple syntax
Small core vocabulary
Concrete topics/subjects
Frequent questions/greetings
Treatment of infant behaviour as meaningful
Verbal Rituals
Exaggerated facial expression
Head movement: nodding, shaking, tilting
Proxemics: close, short distance
Eye Gaze: long/held eye contact and shared gaze
When talking to toddlers:
Speech x2
Words x2
Sentences x2
Support x3
Speech:
increase pitch
reduce speed/rate
Words:
limited, concrete vocab
lexical simplifications
Sentences:
short utterance length
less disfluency
Support:
Paraphrasing and Repeating
Contextual Support
Directives and Questions
Essentials for Language Development
(across cultures)
(5)
A close bond with caregivers
Physical needs met
Language present in the ambient environment
Child is frequently spoken to directly
Child is treated as a social being
Cultural Variation Examples
Perspectives: 5
Pragmatics: 3
Perspectives:
Amount of feedback provided to children
Views on explicit language teaching
Time spent interacting with adults vs other children
Value placed on verbal interaction performance
The role of fathers and other adults
Pragmatics:
directness/explicitness
role of silence
purposes of interactions
