Syntax/Grammar Terms

Question 1

Basic Sentence Composition

Answer 1

Noun + Verb
Noun Phrase + Verb Phrase

Question 2

Common Nouns
Proper Nouns
Pronouns

Answer 2

CN- label person/place/thing
woman, school, chair

PN- label a specific person/place/thing
Mary, Perth, Hoover

Pronouns- replace nouns in sentences
he, she, they, you, I

Question 3

Noun Modifiers

Answer 3

Determiners and Adjectives

Question 4

Determiners (x5)

Answer 4

Articles
a, an, the

Demonstratives
that, these, those

Cardinal or Ordinal Numbers
one, two, three
first, second, third

Quantifiers
some, every, all, most, each

Possessives
my, your, her, our, his

Question 5

Adjectives

Answer 5

Describe nouns by:
size, colour, shape, texture, age, temperature, temperament, etc.
big, pink, round, smooth, young, cold, funny

Question 6

Main Verbs and Auxiliary Verbs + Modal Verbs

Answer 6

Main Verbs: describe an action
run, jump, eat, sleep

Auxiliary Verbs: clarify meaning
am, is, are, was, were, been, be, had

Auxiliary Modal Verbs: provide mood/attitude
can, could, should, would, will, might, may

Question 7

Adverbs

Answer 7

Adverbs: modify verbs by providing
how/manner, when, where, quantity, time

how/manner- quickly
when- tomorrow
where- there
quantity- much
time- before

Question 8

Prepositional Phrases

Answer 8

Prepositions/Prepositional Phrases provide place.

in, on, beside, above
in front of, next to

Question 9

Inflectional Morphemes: Examples

Plurals- regular and irregular
Possessives
Tense: past, present progressive, past participle
Third Person Agreement
Comparative/Superlative

Answer 9

Plural: More than one = s/es
Regular:
cat = cats, box = boxes
Irregular:
child-children, mouse-mice, foot-feet, person-people

Possessive: indicates ownership = ‘s
Daddy = Daddy’s

Past Tense: past action
Regular = ed:
walk = walked, jump = jumped
Irregular:
ran, swam, ate, threw

Present Progressive: ongoing action = ing
walk = walking, hop = hopping

Past Participle: after have/be
chosen, proven, eaten, seen, sung, shown

Third person singular agreement: she, he, it = s
swims, eats, whistles

Comparative: compares to another = more/er
hotter, happier
Superlative: compares to others most/est
biggest, loudest

Question 10

Derivational Morphemes

Prefixes + Suffixes

Answer 10

Change word meaning:
happy = unhappy
flexible = inflexible

Change word class:
teach (verb) = teacher (noun)
happy (adjective) = happiness (abstract noun)

Question 11

Conjunctions

Answer 11

Connect phrases, clauses, words

Coordinating Conjunctions:
connect words or independent clauses
and, but, so, or

Subordinating Conjunctions:
connect dependent and independent clauses
because, while, if, although