TODDLER AND PRESCHOOL Flashcards
toddler age
1 to 3 years of age
preschool age
4-5 years of age
cognitive focus for 2-4 year olds
preoperational, preconceptual- one thing at a time
cognitive focus for 4-7 year old
preoperational, intuitive/causation- morals
psychosocial focus for toddlers
autonomy
psychosocial focus for preschoolers
initiative
up to what age do you check anthropometrics?
up to 2 years old
what age do you check height, weight and BP
starting at 3 years and yearly
when do fontanelle disappear?
by 18 months
toddler visit schedule
12, 15, 18, 24, 30 and 36 months
preschool visit schedule
3,4, and 5 years
chest and head are equal by age ___; chest eventually grows 5cm>head by the end of this period
1
Genu varum
Bowed legs, normal variant in toddlerhood, wide based gait
genu valgum
knock-knees, normal variant in preschooler
gross Motor skills at 2 years
up and down steps, kicks ball without falling, runs with wide gait
gross motor skills at 3 years
hops at 3.5 years, rides a tricycle
gross motor skills at 4 years
up and down stairs with alternating feet, rides a bicycle with training wheels
gross motor skills at 5 years
skips, jumps rope, plays ball
fine motor skills at 2 years
tower of 8 cubes, turns a doorknob
fine motor skills at 3 years
copies a circle, builds a tower
fine motor skills at 4 years
draws a person with 4-6 parts, tower of 10 blocks
fine motor skills at 5 years
copies a square, copies multiple shapes, prints letters, ties shoes
visual acuity 20/30
by age 5
Language development by age 2
up to 50 word vocal, can follow 2 step command, talks constantly
language development by age 3
up to 900 word vocal
language development by age 4
can understand phrases and simple analogies
language development by age 5
vocabulary >2000 words, uses sentences regularly, knows at least 4 colors
type of play for toddlers
onlooker and parallel play
type of play for preschoolers
associative, cooperative, dramatic, physical play
age to introduce spoons
between 15 and 17 months of age
age of first dental exam
1 year
sleep routine for toddlers
sleeps 10-12 hours per night with daily naps
age nightmares and night terrors
nightmares begin around age 3- can recall
night terrors occur between 2-6 years, most outgrow as they get older
physiologic and psychological readiness age for toilet training
1.5 to 2.5 years
average age of daytime control for toilet training
achieved by 2 years, nighttime lags by 1 year
developmental warning signs at 1 year
is not imitating sounds, is not pulling to standing, is not indicating desires by point. gesture
developmental warning signs by 18 months
does not make eye contact, does not feed self with spoon
developmental warning signs at 2 years
is not walking up stairs, is not using 2-3 word sentences, is not noticing cars, animals, is initiating self-stimulation behaviors
developmental warning signs at 3 years
is not aware of external environment, cannot ride a tricycle, does not follow simple direction, continues baby talk, does not imitate adult activities
developmental warning signs at 4 years
does not listen to a story, does not speak in sentences, engages in head banging or rocking, is mot toilet trained, does not draw a human figure
developmental warning signs at 5 years
magical thinking is still dominant, there is no impulse control
When to refer a child with stuttering
stuttering lasts >6months, child older than 6 yo, child avoids speaking
Definition and types of autism spectrum disorders
altered response to environmental stimuli and impaired social interactions. Types: Autistic disorder, aspergers syndrome, Retts disorder, and childhood disintegrative disorder
Autistic disorder
marked abnormal or impaired development in social interaction usually noted within the first year of life, a greatly restrictive repertoire of activity and interests, may exhibit language delay
asperger’s syndrome
severe and sustained impairment in social interaction, development of restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, and activities, may exhibit obsessive compulsive tendencies, no language delay or clinically significant delays in language acquisition
DSM-IV-TR requirement for a Pervasive Development Disorder Diagnosis
6 total behaviors from 3 categories (motor, language, communication and social)
behavior checklists used in screening for PDD
Autism behavior checklist, checklist for autism in toddlers (CHAT) and Modified checklist for autism in toddlers (MCHAT)
