To remember

Question 1

Characteristics of acute pain

Answer 1

protective, temporary, usually self-limiting, resolves with tissue healing

Question 2

Physiologic responses to acute pain

Answer 2

tachycardia, hypertension, anxiety, diaphoresis, muscle tension

Question 3

Behavioral responses to acute pain

Answer 3

grimacing, moaning, flinching, guarding

Question 4

Characteristics of Chronic pain

Answer 4

not protective; ongoing or recurs frequently, lasts longer than 6 months, persists beyond tissue healing, can be malignant or non-malignant

Question 5

Physiologic responses to chronic pain

Answer 5

no change in vital signs, depression, fatigue, decreased level of functioning, disability

Question 6

How do you optimize pain relief

Answer 6

Double up!

Opioids and non-opioids working synergistically to relieve pain.

Pharmaceutical and Non-Pharmaceutical interventions simultaneously

Question 7

Effects of diuretics

Answer 7

All diuretics increase the urinary elimination of sodium-thereby reducing total fluid volume
— Side Effects
— hypotension, electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, ↓ or ↑ K+

Question 8

Effects of beta blockers

Answer 8

blocks the action of the sympathetic nervous system of the heart, thus reducing stress on the heart.
— Side Effects
— Bradycardia, dizziness, hypotension

Question 9

Ace inhibitor

Answer 9

reduce the activity of the renin-angiotensin- aldosterone system-produces peripheral vasodilation.
— Side Effects
— Cough, hypotension, ↑K+

Question 10

Ca channel blockers

Answer 10

Block Ca+ channels on vascular smooth muscle, decreases cardiac workload
— Side Effects
— Worsen Heart Failure, ↓HR, ↓CO no grapefruit juice

Question 11

what is CAM?

Answer 11

MUST HAVE
Inattention and acute onset

PLUS ONE OF
altered LOC or disorganized thinking