Lab Values and Diagnostics Flashcards
1) RBC Measures
- 2) Normal Range
- 3) Terms and Common Causes for High and Low
1) Total number of RBC per L
2) 4.5 - 5.9 (10*12/L)
3) Low RBC = Anemia (Blood loss, Bone Marrow disease, fatigue)
High RBC = Polycythemia (COPD, Severe Dehydration)
1) PT-INR Measures
2) Normal Range
3) Used in what drug therapy?
1) Prothrombin Time- International Normalized Ratio measures section of clotting cascade to diagnose potential for excessive bleeding or clotting.
2) 0.9 -1.1 Seconds
3) Used with Warfarin therapy (therapeutic range 2-3.5 times normal range)
Vit K is antidote to Warfarin
PTT
Partial Thromboplastin Time
23-32 Seconds
Used in conjunction with Heparin therapy where values should be between 35-80ish. Protamine is antidote
4 Kidney Function Test
ALT &; AST- Enzymes released from acute damage, numbers decrease over time.
Albumin- (low suggests liver damage) effect by nutritional status.
Bilirubin- created when liver breaks down old RBC. High is bad
Why use a Ultrasound
Soundwaves for real time images
Diagnosing DVT, fluid abnormality, abscess
Inspecting fetus, vessels
Doppler for pulses
Why use a CT scan?
Structure and function
Common for inspecting Brain and strokes
Spiral CT- pulmonary embolisms
When would C Reactive Protein be heightened?
During Acute Inflm (also Infection) will quickly decrease as inflm is reduced.
hepatic protein
When would Procalcitonin (PCT) levels be heightened?
Normal (=2mg/ml)
Infection- particularly systemic or after infc has entered the blood
Highly specific marker for clinically relevant bacteria (virus does not normally rise)
WBC Range
4-10.5 (10^9/L)
Lymphocyte Range
1-4 (prevalent in Viral Infections)
Glucose
3.9-11 (Blood sugar level)
Creatinine
Range?
What is it?
60-100umol/L
Comes from metabolism of creatine in muscle . Measure of Kidney fx. High means kidney not excreting properly.
GFR
Glomeral Filtration Rate >60ML/MIN
Sodium range
135-145 mmol/L
Hemoglobin
136-170g/L
Iron containing protein in RBC
