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PTA Techniques > To Pass E-STIM and TENS > Flashcards

To Pass E-STIM and TENS Flashcards

1
Q

applications/indications of E-STIM (8):

A
  • pain control and modulation
  • decrease muscle spasm/guarding
  • reduce swelling and inflammation
  • increases ROM
  • muscle strengthening and muscle re-education
  • wound healing
  • fracture healing
  • transdermal drug delivery (Iontophoresis)
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2
Q

How does E-STIM work?

A

Uses an electrical current to create a physiological change by targeting afferent nerve pathways to include:

  • sensory fibers
  • motor fibers
  • pain fibers
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3
Q

How does E-STIM cause a change in the nerve fibers of the PNS?

A

Action potentials

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4
Q

Precautions (7):

A
  • cardiac disease
  • impaired cognition
  • areas of impaired sensation, malignant tumors, skin irritation, wounds
  • hypo/hypertension excessive adipose tissue, excessive edema
  • bleeding disorders
  • pregnancy
  • skin irritation, allergies to adhesive
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5
Q

CONTRAS (5):

A
  • pacemakers or unstable arrhythmias
  • epilepsy or seizure disorders
  • over carotid, thrombosis, eyes, phrenic nerve, bladder stimulators, pharyngeal/laryngeal mm, superficial metal implants, transcerebral/thoracic legions
  • over low back or abdominal region during pregnancy
  • active bleeding or infection
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6
Q

Possible adverse reactions (4):

A
  • electrical burns
  • skin irritation
  • pain
  • sensitivity
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7
Q

TENS stands for:

A
  • Transcutaneous
  • Electrical
  • Nerve
  • Stimulation
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8
Q

Indications for TENS

A

pain control and modulation

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9
Q

Therapeutic frequencies of E-STIM application:

  1. creates a tapping effect –> # to # pps/hz
  2. creates a smooth muscle contraction –> # to # pps/hz
  3. creates a sensory effect –> # to # pps/hz
A
  1. 1 to 10 pps/hz
  2. 35 to 50 pps/hz
  3. 80 to 150 pps/hz
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10
Q

When an unchanged, constant stimulus is applied, this leads to a decrease in nerve excitability with decreased perception of a sensation after a period of time with the same sensory input. In other words “you get used to it”

A

Accommodation Phenomenon

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11
Q

3 modes of TENS

A
  • continuous
  • burst
  • modulated/modulation
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12
Q

frequency, pulse width and intensity stay as set without change

A

continuous mode

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13
Q

gradual increase in intensity which peaks, then decreases in intensity and cycles on/off

A

burst mode

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14
Q

any pattern variation of frequency, pulse width, intensity, randomly set by the unit

A

modulated mode

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15
Q

TENS Pad placement protocol (6):

A
  • can use 2 or 4 pads (determined by size of treatment area)
  • can place pads on or around an area of pain
  • can place pads along a nerve to assist with desensitization
  • can place pads on a “trigger point”
  • can place pads along muscle fibers
  • pads should be placed at least 1 inch apart
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16
Q

IFC pad placement protocol (4)

A
  • 4 pads at all times
  • pads must be crossed with the most painful area in the middle
  • frequency must be slightly different
  • always crisscrossed
17
Q

IFC acute pain:

frequency -
intensity -
treatment time -

A

frequency: 80-150 pps
intensity: to sensory comfort

treatment time: 15-20 minutes in clinic can be worn up to 24 hours at home

18
Q

IFC chronic pain:

frequency -
intensity -
treatment time -

A

frequency: 1-10 pps
intensity: to visible muscle contraction

treatment time: 15-20 minutes in clinic. 20-30 minutes for home use

19
Q

IFC Edema/swelling:

frequency -
intensity -
treatment time -

A

frequency: 20-50 pps
intensity: to visible muscle contraction (muscle pumping)

treatment time: 15-20 minutes in clinic

20
Q

TENS acute, conventional (hight rate):

amplitude:
pulse rate:
pulse duration:
mode:
treatment time:
relief:
A

amplitude: comfortable, no mm response

pulse rate: 50-80pps

pulse duration: 50-100

mode: continuous

Tx time: 20-60 mins

relief: fast, short duration

21
Q

TENS chronic, acupuncture-like (strong low rate):

amplitude:
pulse rate:
pulse duration:
mode:
Tx time:
relief:
A

amplitude: strong but comfortable, rhythmic mm twitch

pulse rate: 1-5pps

pulse duration: 150-300

mode: continuous

Tx time: 30-40 min

relief: longer lasting

22
Q

TENS physiological responses:

A
  • use of electric current to create a physiological change by targeting afferent nerve pathways; including sensory fibers, motor fibers, pain fibers
  • depolarizing the nerve membrane and creating an action potential strong enough to cause change
  • gate control theory, stimulation of non-noxious fibers interferes with noxious (pain) transmission to the brain and decreases perception of pain
  • endogenous opioid system (stimulation of endorphins bind with opiate receptors to cause an inhibitory response. occurs when motor nerve fibers are stimulated

PTA Techniques (12 decks)

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