Biofeedback

Question 1

patient criteria for Biofeedback (4)

Answer 1

• good vision, hearing, and communication abilities
• good comprehension of simple commands
• good motor planning
• no profound sensory or proprioceptive loss

Question 2

global detection of mostly superficial mm.

Easy to apply, but frequently detect multiple muscle groups

Answer 2

surface electrodes

Question 3

• local detection from specific mm or group, deep mm
• used more frequently for research or dx
• can detect specific mm groups, but require skill to apply

Answer 3

needle electrodes or sensors

Question 4

to decrease muscle activity (5):

Answer 4

• closely spaced electrodes
• low intensity biofeedback instrument
• instruct pt to relax (ie. deep breathing)
• progress intensity for low to high as pt is able to keep mm relaxed while performing functional activity
• tx duration: 5-30 mins depending on pt tolerance

Question 5

used to:

Answer 5

• increase or decrease muscle activity to meet functional goals.
• audiovisual signals produced from measured motor unit action potentials to promote voluntary control

Question 6

to increase muscle activity (5)

Answer 6

• widely spaced electrodes
• high intensity biofeedback instrument
• instruct patient to produce isometric contraction for 6-10 sec (use facilitation techniques as needed)
• progress from simple to complex activities as pt gains motor control
• tx duration: 5-30 mins depending on pt tolerance

Question 7

indications (7)

Answer 7

• muscle reeducation
• regaining neuromuscular control
• increasing isometric and isotonic strength of a muscle
• relaxation of muscle spasm
• decreasing muscle guarding
• pain reduction
• physiological relaxation

Question 8

CONTRAS (6)

Answer 8

• any musculoskeletal condition that a muscular contraction might exacerbate
• pacemakers or unstable arrythmias
• epilepsy or seizure disorders
• over carotid artery, thrombosis, eyes, phrenic nerve, bladder stimulators, pharyngeal/laryngeal mm, superficial metal implants, transcerebral/thoracic legions
• over low back or abdominal region during pregnancy
• active bleeding or infection

Question 9

small electrodes (0.02cm) for ______ muscle, larger (1cm) for _____ muscle

Answer 9

specific, large

Question 10

2 active pads (pos and neg) and one reference (or ground electrode)

Answer 10

bipolar technique

Question 11

Active electrodes are placed on or near ______ of target muscle

Answer 11

motor point

Question 12

pads are generally placed #-_#_cm apart and _____ to muscle fibers; ground electrodes near tx site.

Answer 12

1-5 cm

parallel

Question 13

Precautions (7):

Answer 13

• cardiac disease
• impaired cognition
• areas of impaired sensation, malignant tumors, skin irritation, wounds
• hypo/hypertension, excessive adipose tissue, excessive edema
• bleeding disorders