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MSK 2 > TMJ Anatomy > Flashcards

TMJ Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Components of TMJ

A
  • Temporal bone
  • Mandible
  • Articular Disc
  • 2 distinct synovial chambers (upper/lower)
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2
Q

Upper Synovial Chamber

A

-of the articular disc and glenoid fossa

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3
Q

Lower Synovial Chamber

A

-of the articular disc and mandibular condyle

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4
Q

Glenoid Fossa

A

-fossa in temporal bone where mandibular condyle rests

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5
Q

Parts of Temporal Bone

A

(Posterior to anterior)

  • posterior glenoid spine,
  • glenoid fossa
  • articular eminence
  • articular tubercle
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6
Q

Articular Eminence

A
  • load bearing region for the mandible on the temporal bone

- convex

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7
Q

Articular Tubercle

A
  • most anterior aspect of temporal bone of joint

- does not provide a bony stop to translation of mandibular condyle

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8
Q

Mandibular Condyles

A

-typically oriented with medial pole of condyle more posterior to lateral aspect and projects medially 15-20mm from ramus

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9
Q

Ramus

A
  • Vertical component of mandible
  • has 2 projections (coronoid process and mandibular condyle)
  • Sandwiched by Mm (Masseter and medial pterygoid)
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10
Q

Coronoid process

A
  • Anterior projection of ramus

- Attachment sight for temporalis and masseter Mm

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11
Q

Articular Disc

A
  • Biconcave
  • Improve congruency between 2 convex surfaces
  • Vascularized and innervated at each end (not in middle)
  • Central segment load bearing portion
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12
Q

Articular Disc Attachments

A

Restrict posterior migration of disc:

  • Condyles
  • Joint capsule (anteriorly)
  • Superior/middle heads of lateral pterygoid

Restrict Anterior migration:
-Bilaminar Retrodiscal Pad (superior band: returns disc to neutral; Inferior band: checks anterior translation of disc)

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13
Q

Mandibular Movements

A
  • Depression
  • Elevation
  • Lateral deviation
  • Protrusion
  • Retrusion
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14
Q

Normal Depression ROM

A

40-50mm

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15
Q

Normal Lateral Deviation ROM

A

8-10mm

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16
Q

Normal Protrusion ROM

A

5-6mm (on slides)

6-9mm (on notes doc)

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17
Q

Normal Retrusion ROM

A

2-3mm

no more than 3mm

18
Q

1st Phase of depression

A
  • Condules rotate anteriorly under the disc

- Mandible depresses 11-25mm

19
Q

2nd Phase of depression

A
  • condyle/disc complex translates anteriorly and inferiorly on articular eminence
  • accounts for remainder of opening to 40-50mm
20
Q

Lateral deviation Mechanics

A

(to right)

  • Right condyle rotates R on vertical axis
  • Left condyle translates anteroinferiorly on articular eminence
21
Q

Protrusion Mechanics

A
  • Forward translation of condyles
  • no rotation
  • only in upper joint of TMJ
22
Q

Retrusion Mechanics

A

-Limited by soft tissue approximation of retrodiscal pad between condyle and posterior glenoid spine as well as TM ligament

23
Q

Chewing

A

complex combo of elevation, lateral deviation, and protrusion of mandible

24
Q

Muscles of TMJ

A
  • Temporalis
  • Masseter
  • Medial Pterygoid
  • Lateral Pterygoid
  • Suprahyoids
  • Infrahyoids
25
Q

9 Points of Hypermobility test

A 
1/2: pinky extends >90*
3/4: Thumb to forearm
5/6: hyperextension of elbows >10*
7/8: hyperextension of knees
9: palms flat on floor with knees straight
26
Q

Muscles of Elevation

A
  • Masseter
  • Temporalis
  • Pterygoids
27
Q

Muscles of Protrusion

A
  • Masseters

- Pterygoids

28
Q

Muscles of Depression

A
  • Eccentric contraction of elevation muscles
  • Depression against resistance: digastric muscle (concentric)
  • Other depressors: lat pterygoid and gravity)
29
Q

Muscles of Retrusion

A

Temporalis

30
Q

Ligaments

A
  • Temporomandibular Ligament
  • Stylomandibular Ligament
  • Sphenomandibular Ligament
31
Q

Temporomandibular Ligament

A
  • Attach from articular eminence to neck of condyle
  • Limits lateral, inferior & posterior movement of mandible
  • Suspends mandible against gravity
32
Q

Stylomandibular Ligament

A
  • Styloid process to mandibular angle

- appear to be suspensory ligaments

33
Q

Sphenomandibular Ligament

A
  • Sphenoid to mandibular angle

- appear to be suspensatory ligaments

34
Q

Inferior Joint capsule

A
  • joins the disc to the nect of the condyle

- tighter than superior capsule

35
Q

Superior Joint capsule

A
  • Loosely joins the disc to the temporal bone

- Allows for translation of disc on articular eminence

36
Q

CN V

A
  • Trigeminal N
  • Mm of mastication
  • Sensory to face, scalp, teeth, oral cavity
37
Q

Auriculotemporal Nerve

A
  • branch of CN V

- innervation of TMJ and some ear symptoms associated with TMJ

38
Q

CN VII

A
  • Facial N
  • Mm of facial expression
  • Digastric Mm
39
Q

Unilateral Action of Pterygoids

A

Deviate to opposite side

40
Q

Unilateral Action of Temporalis

A

Deviate to same side

41
Q

Active Control of Disc

A
  • Lat pterygoid oriented anteromedially in relationship to condyle and attaches to anterior disc
  • Ptery silent in opening but active in closing
  • thought to control eccentric return of disc to neutral position

MSK 2 (16 decks)

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