Amy Hay--Pain Flashcards
2 Recurrent Pain
Episodic
Persistent
Recurrent pain
- segmental hypermobility
- goal: decrease pain intensity, frequency, duration and prevent from becoming chronic
Acute Pain
-First time occurance
-Pain stops before healing completed
-interventions: reduce pain, speed healing process
Goal: decrease pain, increase function, prevent reoccurance
Chronic Pain
- Pain exceeds healing time for tissue
- Not a symptom-disease process of itself
- Chronic pn perpetuated by factors other than the source of injury
- multiple body systems involved
2 Models of pain management
- Biomedical
- Biopsychosocial
Biomedical Model
- Focus on physical process
- Tissue based system
- 1 to 1 relationship between amount of damage and pain experienced
- Treat tissue=pt gets better
- acute or recurrent pain
Biomedical Model Limitations
- surgery/procedures not successfull 100% of time
- overlook contributions of environment, culture, emotions, prior experiences to pain
- overlooks changes in PNS/CNS
- Continuation of pn after healing
Biopsychosocial Model
- Allow interaction between physical, psychological and social aspects of pain
- pn different depending on appraisal of situation, behaviors and social role for pn and illness
- take more than tissue into account for healing
Pain
- most pts don’t understand pn
- pain doesn’t necessarily mean tissue damage (can be warning sign of damage)
Pain Input
-from tissue, envmt, PNS
Pain Input from Tissues
- Ion channels can increase ease of nerve depolarization
- channels change every couple days (flexible system)
- Many channel types (temp, immune molecules, blood flow, stretch, pressure, hydrogen, adrenaline)
Pain Input from Environment
- stress, beliefs, safety, previous experiences
- educate pts on how these impact healing and how to reduce negative factors
Pain Input from PNS
-PNS wakes up and becomes more sensitive in response to pain (& surgery)—NORMAL
-allows more info to brain
-Acute vs Chronic:
Acute: nerves wake up then calm down before healing complete
Chronic: due to environment or other stressors don’t calm down
Brain Questions about Pain
- How much of a threat is this?
- Is there anything more dangerous going on?
- Is there anything more interesting going on?
Brain Produces Pain if it’s the most advantageous response (can increase or decrease pn levels)
Processing: Acute Pn
- lots of info coming into CNS
- upregulates/becomes more sensitive
- Calms down with healing
