TM Immunology Flashcards
1
Q
Define antigenic determinant
A
- aka epitope
- part of antigen recognized by antibodies
2
Q
Define antigenicity
A
- “immunogenicity”
- ability of a foreign antigen to induce an immune response
3
Q
Define atypical antibody
A
- do not exist under normal conditions
- arise from blood transfusions, incompatible maternal and fetal blood group
4
Q
Define blocking antibody
A
- an antibody that does not react when combined with an antigen
- blocks other antibodies from binding to that antigen
5
Q
Define complete antibody
A
- mostly B-cell IgG
- take part in agglutination reactions after binding an antigen
6
Q
Define immune antibody
A
attach to foreign antigens (bacteria) and remove them from the body
7
Q
Define incomplete antibody
A
- mostly B-cell IgM
- do not participate in agglutination reactions after binding an antigen
- these are produced in response to a particular antigen
8
Q
Define irregular antibody
A
- non-ABO
- mostly IgG
- appear after exposure to foreign antigens
9
Q
Define isohemagglutinin
A
- naturally occurring
- ABO antibodies
10
Q
Define monoclonal
A
- antibodies that bind to the same epitope
- come from a singular lineage of WBCs
11
Q
Define naturally-occurring antibody
A
- mostly IgM (Lewis, P1, MN, ABO)
- arise from environmental stimuli/ non-RBC stimulated
- even if antigen is missing, the corresponding antibody is always present
12
Q
Define opsonin
A
- an antibody or C3b (complement) that binds to foreign bacteria or cells
- makes them susceptible to phagocytosis or complement
13
Q
Define polyclonal
A
- secreted by different B cell lineages within the body
- react against a specific antigen, but at different epitopes
14
Q
Define unexpected antibody
A
- existence in person’s serum was not anticipated before testing
- all blood groups besides ABO*
- anti-A1 of A2 individuals
*ABO is expected because ABO antibodies are always present
