Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CSMLS > Ref Ranges, Formulas, Mnemonics > Flashcards

Ref Ranges, Formulas, Mnemonics Flashcards

1
Q

Formula for Absorbance

A

2 - log%T

NOTE: The relationship between absorbance and %T is LOGARITHMIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Formula for Absorbance under Beer-lambert’s law

A

A = εbc

ε = molar absorptivity (L/ mol x cm)
b = light path (cm)
c = concentration of analyte (mol/L)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Units for Molar Absorptivity

A

L/(mol x cm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ref: Serum Osm

A

280 - 300 mmol/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ref: Osmol Gap

A

<10 mmol/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Formula for Osmolal Gap

A

Osmolal gap (mOsm/kg) = Measured osmolality (mOsm/kg) - Calculated osmolality (mmol/L)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Formula for Calculated Osmolality

A

[2Na+] + [glucose] + [urea] = mmol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ref: pH

A

7.35 - 7.45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ref: pCO2

A

35 - 45 mm Hg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ref: pO2

A

70 - 90 mm Hg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ref: HCO3-

A

20 -27 mmol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ref: Sodium

A

133 - 146 mmol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sodium Crit

A

<125 OR >155 mmol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ref: Potassium

A

3.5 - 5.0 mmol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Potassium Crit

A

<2.6 OR >6.2 mmol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ref: Chloride

A

96 - 109 mmol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ref: Calcium

A

2.10 - 2.60 mmol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Calcium Crit

A

<1.65 OR >3.25 mmol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ref: Magnesium

A

0.70 - 1.00 mmol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Magnesium Crit

A

<0.40 OR >1.90 mmol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ref: Phosphorus (phosphate)

A

0.80 - 1.45 mmol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Phosphorus Crit

A

<0.40 mmol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Ref: Anion Gap

A

4 - 16 mmol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Ref: Osmolality (serum)

A

280 - 300 mmol/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Ref: Osmolal gap

A

<10 mOsm/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Ref: Serum total protein

A

64 - 84 g/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Ref: Serum albumin

A

30 - 45 g/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Ref: 24 hr Urine Total Protein

A

<0.5 g/volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Ref: CSF total protein

A

0.15 - 0.45 g/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Concentration of dsDNA when A(260) = 1.000

A

50 µg/mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Concentration of ssDNA when A(260) = 1.000

A

33 µg/mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Concentration of ssRNA when A(260) = 1.000

A

40 µg/mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Which formula is used to calculate the reagent amounts required for endpoint PCR ?

A

C1V1 = C2V2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How is Tm of PCR primers calculated ?

A

Tm = 4(G+C) + 2(A+T)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What A(260/280) is considered “pure” for DNA ?

A

~1.8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What A(260/280) ratio is considered “pure” for RNA ?

A

~2.0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What A(260/230) ratio is considered “pure” for both DNA and RNA ?

A

Approximately 2.0 - 2.2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Ref: ALP

A

Female: 30 -130
Male: 30 - 130

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Ref: LD

A

Female: 100 - 225
Male: 100 - 225

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Ref: ALT

A

Female: <40
Male: <60

ALT - alanine transaminase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Ref: AST

A

Female: <35
Male: <45

AST - aspartate aminotransferase

42
Q

Ref: CK

A

Female: <200
Male: <250

CT - Creatine kinase

43
Q

Ref: GGT

A

Female: <80
Male: <80

GGT - gamma glutamyltransferase

44
Q

Ref: AMY

A

Female: 30 - 150
Male: 30 - 150

AMY - Amylase

45
Q

Ref: LIP

A

Female: 0 - 60
Male: 0 - 60

LIP - Lipase

46
Q

Ref: urine pH

47
Q

Ref: Urobilinogen

A

< 16 μmol/L

48
Q

Ref: SG

A

1.005 - 1.030

SG - Specific gravity

49
Q

Mnemonic: Colored urine = False Pos

A

“broke LPNs” have (+) colored urine

B - bilirubin
Uro - uro bilinogen
K - ketones

L - leukocytes
P - proteins
N - nitrite

50
Q

Mnemonic: Colored urine = False Pos

A

“broke LPNs” have (+) colored urine

B - bilirubin
Uro - uro bilinogen
K - ketones

L - leukocytes
P - proteins
N - nitrite

51
Q

Mnemonic: High SG = False Neg

A

“sweet, bloody nitrites!” I hate (-) it when my drink is too dense

Glucose, Blood, Nitrites

52
Q

Mnemonic: High [ascorbate] = False Neg

A

“luke glues bloody bills at night” when he drinks too much orange juice; it’s a bad (-) habit

Leuk - ocytes
Glu - cose
Blood - y
Bil - irubin
Nit - rites

53
Q

Ref: Iron

A

8-35 μmol/L

54
Q

Ref: TIBC

A

40-75 μmol/L

55
Q

Ref: Saturation Index

A

Female: 0.12 - 0.60

Male: 0.10 - 0.55

56
Q

Ref: Ferritin

A

Female: 20 - 300 μg/L

Male: 30 - 500 μg/L

57
Q

Ref: Transferrin

A

1.8 - 4.5 g/L

58
Q

Ref: Total bilirubin

A

<20 μmol/L

59
Q

Ref: Conjugated (direct) bilirubin

A

<7 μmol/L

60
Q

Ref: eGFR

A

> 60 mL/ min/ 1.73 m2

61
Q

Ref: Creatinine Clearance

A

1.30 - 2.30 mL/ sec/ 1.73 m2

62
Q

Ref: ACR (albumin: creatinine ratio)

A

<3 mg/mmol

63
Q

Ref: Ammonia (plasma)

A

<35 μmol/L

64
Q

Critical: Ammonia (plasma)

A

> 199 μmol/L

65
Q

Ref: Creatinine

A

Female: 40 - 100 μmol/L

Male: 50 - 120 μmol/L

66
Q

Ref: Urea

A

2.5 - 8.0 mmol/L

67
Q

Ref: Uric Acid (urate)

A

Female: 150 - 400 mol/L

Male: 200 - 500 mol/L

68
Q

Crit: PLT

A

inpatient: <10 x10^9/L
outpatient: <20 x10^9/L

69
Q

Crit: PTT

70
Q

Ref: D-dimer

71
Q

Ref: Glucose (fasting)

A

4 - 6 mmol/L

72
Q

Ref: Hct

73
Q

Ref: Hgb

A

130-175 g/L

74
Q

Ref: WBC count

A

4.0 - 11.0 x10^9/L

75
Q

Ref: PLT count

A

140 - 400 x10^9/L

76
Q

Ref: PT

A

10 - 14 seconds
INR 0.8 - 1.2

77
Q

Ref: PTT

A

25 - 35 sec

78
Q

Mnemonic: Enzyme enhanced Ab

A

Private Investigator Lewis likes Kidds Rhunning Around:
P,Ii, Lewis, Kidd, Rh, ABO

79
Q

Mnemonic: Ab depicting Dosage

A

DoSage Rhaging MaN Child:
Duffy, Ss, Rh, MN, Kidd

80
Q

Mnemonic: Ab do not bind complement

A

Rhude MeaN Dudes don’t give out complements:
Rh, MN, Duffy

81
Q

MCV

A

HCT / RBC x 1000 = fL

82
Q

MCH

A

HGB / RBC = pg

83
Q

MCHC

A

HGB / HCT = g/L

84
Q

Ref: MCH

A

25 - 35 pg

85
Q

Ref: MCHC

A

320 - 360 g/L

86
Q

Ref: RBC

A

4.0 - 5.0 x10¹²/L

87
Q

Ref: WBC

A

3.5 - 10.5 x10⁹/L

88
Q

Formula: Cell count on hematocytometer

A

Average count (dilution factor) / volume = cell x10⁶/L

89
Q

Calculate: diagnostic sensitivity for an assay

A

True pos = true positives/ (false negatives + true positives)* x100%

*NOTE: total individuals affected by the disease

90
Q

%Ag Frequency: D

91
Q

%Ag Frequency: C

92
Q

%Ag Frequency: c

93
Q

%Ag Frequency: E

94
Q

%Ag Frequency: e

95
Q

%Ag Frequency: K

96
Q

%Ag Frequency: k

97
Q

Beta-thal and Alpha-thal minor % (Hgb A, Hgb A2, Hgb F)

A

Hgb A = 90% (~decreased)
Hgb A2 = 8% (~increased)
Hgb F = 2%

98
Q

Beta-thalassemia major % (Hgb A, Hgb A2, Hgb F)

A

Hgb A = <7% (decreased)
Hgb A2 = 3%
Hgb F = 90% (increased)

99
Q

Formula: Creatinine clearance

A

(UV x 1.73m²) / (P x SA x 84,600sec)

U = urine creatinine (umol/L)
V = volume of urine (mL/sec)
P = plasma creatinine (umol/L)
SA = surface area of patient (m²)
24h = 84,600sec

100
Q

Ref: Fibrinogen

A

2.0 - 4.0 g/L

101
Q

Ref: reticulocyte count

A

20 - 90 x10⁹/L

CSMLS (46 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions