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Human Bio II Flashcards > Tissues Recap > Flashcards

Tissues Recap Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four primary tissue types?

A
  • Nerve
  • Muscle
  • Epithelium
  • Connective Tissue
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2
Q

What are the characteristics of all tissues?

A

Groups of cells
Similar in structure
Common function

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3
Q

What is the function of nervous tissue?

A

communication and control

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4
Q

What is the function of epithelia tissue?

A

covering and lining body surfaces

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5
Q

What is the function of connective tissue?

A

support and protection

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6
Q

What is the function of muscle tissue?

A

movement and generation of heat

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7
Q

What is the function of nervous tissue?

A
  • Communication and control
  • Highly cellular
    Neurons
    Neuroglia
  • Lectures 2-6
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8
Q

What is the function of muscle tissue?

A
  • Excitable
  • Contractile =
  • Movement (body, organs)
  • Stability
  • Heat generation
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9
Q

What physical characteristics are used to differentiate between the three different types of muscle tissues?

A

Physical characteristics of the 3 muscle types differ according to:
* Presence or absence of striations
(striations = regular arrangement of myofibrils
- actin and myosin filaments)
* Cell shape (cylindrical, branching, fusiform)
* Cell length (long vs short)
* Number of nuclei in a cell (one vs several)
* Position of nuclei (peripheral vs central)
* Intercalated discs (present vs absent)

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10
Q

What types of muscle tissue is this?

A

Skeletal (voluntary)

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11
Q

What types of muscle tissue is this?

A

Cardiac (involuntary)

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12
Q

What types of muscle tissue is this?

A

Smooth (involuntary)

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13
Q

What types of muscle tissue is this?

A

skeletal

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14
Q

What types of muscle tissue is this?

A

cardiac

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15
Q

What types of muscle tissue is this?

A

smooth

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16
Q

Information that you should know regarding epithelium (on the other side).

A
  • Sheets of closely adhering cells (lots of cells, little extracellular matrix)
  • May be single or multilayered
  • Polarity (apical, basal, lateral)
    Lumen
  • Apical surface usually exposed to the environment or a lumen
  • Basal surface - basement membrane
    (basal lamina)
  • Avascular
  • Regenerative
  • Covers the body surface (epidermis), lines body cavities, forms external and internal linings of many organs and constitutes most gland tissue
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17
Q

What does epithelia do and what is its function?

A

Creates a selective barrier between external environment and underlying tissue.
Specialised for absorptive, secretory, protective, or sensory activities.

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18
Q

Epithelia are named according to 2 criteria, what are these criteria?

A
  1. number of layers (simple, stratified)
  2. shape of cells (always top layer - squamous, cuboidal, columnar)
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19
Q

Basic Stuff to know regarding Organs (on the other side).

A

Basic structure = Tubes within tubes
Know the basic structure - everything that follows is simply a variation on the theme

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20
Q

What is lamina propria?

A

The lamina propria is a thin layer of loose connective tissue, or dense irregular connective tissue, which lies beneath the epithelium and together with the epithelium constitutes the mucosa.

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21
Q

Simple squamous histology photo (on the other side).

A
22
Q

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue histology photo + example (on the other side).

A

Example = Dura mater of brain and spinal cord

23
Q

Simple cuboidal histology photo (on the other side)

A
24
Q

Simple columnar histology photo (on the other side)

A
25
Q

Stratified squamous keratinised vs non-keratinised histology photos (on the other side)

A
26
Q

Pseudostratified (ciliated) columnar histology photo (on the other side).

A
27
Q

Transitional epithelia histology photos (on the other side).

A

Transitional epithelia makes up parts of the urinary system.

28
Q

The 3 types of cartilage histology photos (on the other side).

A
29
Q

What is adipose tissue? (histology photo on the other side).

A

Areolar CT (loose) that is modified to store nutrients.

If you empty the fat droplet, the cells look like a fibrocyte.

30
Q

Blood histology photos (on the other side).

A
31
Q

Application of these principles to tissue identification (on the other side).

A
32
Q

Epithelial apical specialisations - cilia and microvilli.

A
33
Q

What are the function of microvilli.

A

Microvilli = increased surface area (= increased
capacity to move substances across the cell membrane)

34
Q

What are the functions of cilia.

A

Cilia = movement across the surface of cells

35
Q

How to tell the difference between cilia and microvilli (on the other side).

A

Cilia are much taller and wider compared to microvilli and have a more complicated internal structure

36
Q

What is a gland?

A

Gland = cell or organ that secretes substances for use elsewhere in the body.

37
Q

What are the 2 types of glands?

A
  1. Exocrine
  2. Endocrine
38
Q

What is an exocrine gland?

A

Exocrine - usually maintains contact with surface by way of duct (a tube of epithelium that conveys
secretion to surface). Examples = salivary glands, sweat glands, mammary glands

39
Q

What is an endocrine gland?

A

Endocrine - no contact with surface (lost during development), so no ducts; product (= hormones) is
secreted directly into the blood. Examples = pituitary, thyroid, adrenal glands

40
Q

Some additional info regarding endocrine and exocrine glands.

A

Some organs have both exocrine and endocrine functions, e.g. pancreas

Some glands are unicellular, e.g. goblet cells

41
Q

What is connective tissue and what is its function? (+ some additional info to know regarding connective tissue on the other side).

A

Connective Tissue
* Most widely variable of all tissue types
* Varied functions:
* Binding
* Transport
* Support
* Protection
* Insulation
(BTS PI)

  • Extracellular matrix separates cells
  • May or may not be vascularised
42
Q

What does connective tissue contain?

A

Contains:
* Cells (widely separated)
* Matrix
1. Fibres (proteins),
2. Ground substance

43
Q

What are the different types of connective tissue?

A
  1. General (fibrous) connective tissue
  2. Specialised Connective tissues
44
Q

What are the subtypes of general (fibrous) connective tissue?

A

Two subgroups:
* Loose CT (Areolar, Reticular)
* Dense CT (Dense regular, Dense irregular)

45
Q

What are the subtypes of specialised connective tissues?

A
  • Adipose tissue
  • Lymphoid tissue
  • Blood (lecture)
  • Cartilage
  • Bone
46
Q

What fibres is Loose (areolar) connective tissue made up of? (+ histology photos on the side side).

A

Elastic Fibres + Reticular fibres + Collagen Fibres

47
Q

What are some characteristics of collagen fibres?

A
  • very strong,
  • high tensile strength,
  • slightly wavy appearance when not under tension but not elastic.
48
Q

What are some characteristics of elastic fibres.

A

Capacity to stretch and recoil

49
Q

What are some characteristics of reticular fibres?

A

Very fine / not visible is most photomicrographs
used in HB2

50
Q

Dense regular connective tissue histology photos (On the other side)

A
51
Q

How to differentiate between dense regular connective tissue & smooth muscle (on the other side).

A

Not to be confused with smooth muscle. Look for waviness (collagen) and arrangement of cell nuclei. Location.

Human Bio II Flashcards (17 decks)

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