Genetics I Flashcards
Why study genetics?
(evolutionary genetics and complex traits)
Decreased cost per genome has changed the landscape in GENETICS and MEDICINE
From 1000 genomes to the pangenome: efforts to capture human diversity
Evolutionary Genetic lectures - themes
- Genetic variation
- Genetic constitution of an individual and population
- Allele and genotype frequencies
- Evolutionary forces
- Relationship between allele and genotype frequencies in the absence of evolutionary forces (Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium)
- Reconstructing Evolutionary History
What is Evolutionary Genetics?
- Study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary change
- Genetics of evolution (microevolution)
- Darwin - descent with modification
- Today - genetic change over time
- Genetics of variation
- Within & between organisms
You don’t have any content yet. - Population genetics
- Study of the patterns of genetic variation within and between populations.
Biological variation within species
Intra-species differences = genetic
variation (+/- environment)
Other species also exhibit intra-species variation
Genetic variation is the catalyst for evolution
- In genetic terms
- source of variation is Mutation
= change in the DNA, producing an altered form (allele) - Evolution is a change in allele (variation) frequency over time
Biological blueprint - DNA
Sugar-phosphate backbone with paired bases forms the double helix structure
Types of point mutations
Genetic transfer of information
Forms of genetic variation
Redundancy in the Ge
Side tode means not all SNPs
within exons change the amino acid
A single SNP can have a major impact on
phenotype
Coding material (exons) only makes up a small proportion of our genome
Non-coding variation san affect phenotype
Gene structure more complex than just coding sequence (exons)
How much human genetic variation exists?
Genetic constitutions
Genotype frequencies
How to calculate allele frequency?
