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Foundations Test 4 > Tissues and Organs of the Immune System > Flashcards

Tissues and Organs of the Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

What is big question to ask about pathogen?

A

How big is it? Intra or extra cellular

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2
Q

First thing that happens

A

Inflammation

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3
Q

Goal of immunity

A

maintain homeostasis

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4
Q

2 steps of immunity

A

Recognition

Effector functions

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5
Q

Hematopoietic stem cell becomes

A

COmmon myeloid progenitor and common lymphoid progenitor

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6
Q

Common lymphoid vs common myeloid

A

Lymph - adaptive

Myeloid - innate

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7
Q

What allows ID of lymphocytes?

A

CD markers

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8
Q

Small lymphocyte amounts

A

20-40%

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9
Q

Types of small lymphocytes and their percentages of the lymphocytes

A

T lympho - helper (50%), cytotoxic (25%)

B lympho - 25%

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10
Q

Plasma cells…where are they from, what do they do, where are they found

A

From B cells
Secretes antibodies (eliminate micro organisms)
Not often found in blood

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11
Q

NK cell amount and what does it do?

A

Kills virus-infected/tumor cells
5% of lymphocytes in blood
Resident in tissue sites

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12
Q

Monocyte location, shape, function, differentiation

A

Kidney nucleus with lots of cytoplasm
Weekly phagocytic and microbicidal
Differentiates to macrophage or dendritic cell upon leaving blood

Mostly found in blood

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13
Q

Macrophage function and location

A

Tissue sites

Phagocytic, microbicidal, tissue repair, activate T cells

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14
Q

Dendritic cell location and function

A

Activate T helper cells, phagocytic,

Mostly in tissue sites

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15
Q

Neutrophil morphology, function

A

Phagocytic and microbicidal

Segmented nucleus

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16
Q

Eosinophil morphology, function

A

Immune response to parasites and allergic immune responses

Red staind granules in cytoplasm

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17
Q

Basophil morphology and function

A

Parasites and allergic responses
Contains histamine (vasodilation) and heparin (anti-coagulant)
Darkly stained nucleus

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18
Q

Mast cells and function

A

Immune and allergic response

Close to blood vessels, skin, etc…similar to basophils

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19
Q

Megakaryocyte

A

Platelet production

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20
Q

Leukocyte amounts

A 
Neutrophils - 40-75
Eosinophil - 1-6
Basophil - <1 
Monocyte - 2-10
Lymphocyte - 20-50
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21
Q

If lymphocyte count high

A

Then probably viral infection

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22
Q

Lymphatic circulatin

A

Vessels pick up fluid at venule end of capillary network and return to the heart…lymph nodes filter

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23
Q

How to lymphocytes get to lymph node from heart?

A

Arteries

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24
Q

How do lymphocytes get from lymph node to heart

A

Efferent venule to venous system (essentially thoracic duct)

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25
Q

Diffuse tissues

A

Associated with mucosal epithelial surfaces

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26
Q

Encapsulated types and what theydo

A

Primary lymphoid - site of immune cell production

Secondary lymphoid - site of immune cell function

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27
Q

Myelopoiesis occurs in

A

bone marrow

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28
Q

Lymphoposiesis occurs in

A

B - bone marrow

T - thymus

29
Q

Both B and T cells originate during development in the

30
Q

Clonal proliferation

A

Happens to B and T cells after exposure to an antigen…those that are specific to a given type proliferate

31
Q

Activation occurs in

A

Lymph nodes and spleen

32
Q

MALT

A

Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue - found under any wet epithelium…must be passed through to get into the body

33
Q

Skin lined by

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

34
Q

Skin cell adhesion

A

Tight junctions - must be broken to enter

35
Q

Commensal bacteria

A

Found on surface of skin

36
Q

Mechanical epithelial barriers

A

Tight junctions
Logitudinal flow of air or fluid
Movement of mucous by cilia

37
Q

Chemical epithelial barriers

A

Fatty acids
Enzymes
Low pH
Antibacterial peptides (defensins, cryptidins)

38
Q

Microbiological epithelial barriersa

A

Commensal bacteria compete for nutrients and attachment and can produce antibacterial substances

39
Q

Organized MALT

A

Tonsils, Peyer’s patches, appendix

40
Q

Diffuse MALT

A

Lamina propria

41
Q

GALT will have

A

Epithelium with M cells and dendritic cells inside…follicle for B cells and germinal center

42
Q

M cell

A

Captures things on mucosal surfaces and presents into germinal centers

43
Q

Central tolerance induction

A

Occurs in the thymus…lymphocytes that posses self-reactivity are eliminated…moves from cortex to medulla

44
Q

Bone marrow is unique in that

A

It is a primary AND secondayr lymphoid organ

45
Q

How do cells exit marrow

A

Central sinus

46
Q

What is compartmentalized in the bone marrow

A

Hematopoeisis

47
Q

Bone marrow is important reservoir for

A

Neutrophils

48
Q

Neutrophil lifespan

A

Short (6-8 hours)

49
Q

How to neutrophils get to tissue

A

Leave bone marrow and pass through endothelium…eat material and degraded by macrophages

50
Q

Spleen is site of

A

Adaptive immune response to blood borne pathogens

51
Q

Red pulp

A

Rich in macrophages that filter blood of foreign materials and old RBCs

52
Q

White pulp

A

Multiple immune cell types present to initiate adaptive immune response

53
Q

PALS

A

Area surrounding central arterioles rich in T cells

54
Q

Lymphoid follicle

A

Outpocketing of lymphocytes from PALS rich in B cells

55
Q

Primary lymphoid follicles contain

A

Naive B cells

56
Q

Secondary lymphoid follicles contain

A

Outer mantle of naive B cells with germinal center of activated B cells

57
Q

Visceral lymph node types

A

Pre-vertebral/mesenteric

58
Q

Lymph node is site of

A

Adaptive immune response to tissue-borne antigens

Filtration units for affarent lymphatic vessels

59
Q

Normal lymph carries

A

Interstitial fluids/proteins to blood

60
Q

In infection, lymph carriers

A

Microorganisms and antigens from tissue site

61
Q

What always migrates from lymph nodes to tissue

A

Dendritic cells

62
Q

High endothelial venule (HEV)

A

How Naive lymphocytes enter the lymph node (B and T cells)

63
Q

How to lymphocytes exit lymph node?

A

Single efferent lymphatic

64
Q

Paracortical region

A

Contains follicles and T-cell rich regions

65
Q

Medulla

A

Rich in macrophages and plasma cells

66
Q

What enters via affarent lymphatic vessels?

A

DCs and antigens

67
Q

What enters via artery and vein

A

Naive lymphocytes (B and T cells)

68
Q

Lymph filtered by

A

Lymph nodes

Foundations Test 4 (12 decks)

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