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Foundations Test 4 > Adaptive Immunity > Flashcards

Adaptive Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

RAG gene

A

Allows recomb of gene segments that encode antigen receptors

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2
Q

Acquired immunity characterized by

A

Clonal distribution and selection and acquisiton of memory

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3
Q

Vaccine strategy

A

First injection is primer and second is booster

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4
Q

HUmoral immunity

A

B cells secrete antibody

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5
Q

Cell mediated immunity

A

TCR either by direct contact or secretion of cytokines

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6
Q

Innate vs. adaptive

A

Adaptive longer, variable, selective and improves

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7
Q

If pathogen changes,

A

BCR and TCR will probably be able to adapt to the response

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8
Q

Initial response takes about

A

7 days

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9
Q

Class 2 function

A

Initiate response

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10
Q

Class 1 function

A

Distinguish from normal cell

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11
Q

MHC 1 genetic

A

HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C (chromosome 6) - codes for heavy chain
Beta 2 microglobulin gene on 15
Co-dominant expression (express 6 different class 1 molecules)
Lots of polymorphisms in population
Each allele binds a different spectrum of peptides

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12
Q

MHC class 2 genetic

A

HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, DHL-DP - codes for 2 distinct protein chains
Co-dominant
Up to 16 different
Polymorphic
Each binds different spectrum of peptides

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13
Q

Which class is more important in transplants

A

MHC 2

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14
Q

Viral infections may reduce expression of which genes of MHC

A

HLA-A and HLA-B

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15
Q

Professional APCs express

A

Both MHC 1 and 2

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16
Q

MHC class 1 expression

A

From intracellular pathogens (viruses)
Target of CD8 cells
On all cells

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17
Q

MHC class 2 expression

A

From extracellular pathogens
Target of CD4 cells
Present Ag to CD4s
Only on professional APCs

18
Q

Gamma interferon can upregulate

A

Class 1 MHCs

19
Q

Most individuals makeup of MHCs

A

Most are heterozygous because so many polymorphisms

20
Q

MHC Class 1 structure

A

Alpha 1,2, and 3
B2-microglobulin there for stabilization

Alpha 1 and 2 have peptide binding groove
Alpha 3 inserted into membrane

21
Q

MHC class 2 structure

A

No B2m

Has a Beta and alpha chain

b1 and a1 have peptide binding groove

22
Q

Size of peptides MHC 1 vs 2

A

1 - small (8-9)

2 - large (18-23)

23
Q

How do so few MHCs bind so many different antigens

A

Promiscuous binding specificity

There are a few anchor residues in each peptide…these are consistent throughout many peptides and are what allows binding to MHCs

24
Q

Every T cell is

A

CD3 positive

25
Q

Only let out TCRs that bind

A

MHC 1 and 2 but not too strongly

26
Q

Most TCRs made of

A

Alpha and gamma subunits

27
Q

Purpose of CD3

A

Signaling

28
Q

Variability of TCRs found in

A

alpha chain

29
Q

Ultimate signal translocation of many T-cells

A

IL-2 production to increase proliferation

30
Q

Other type of TCRs

A

gamma delta in gut mucosa

31
Q

TCR chromosomes

A

alpha and beta - 14

gamma - 7

32
Q

What allows you to make so many different TCRs

A

Rag gene

33
Q

MHC restriction is

A

Between TCR and peptide and MHC molecule

Can only bind on MHC and one peptide

34
Q

Antigen processing

A

Intracellular degradation of antigens which are then bound to MHCs

35
Q

Antigen presentation

A

Placement of antigenic peptide on the surface of APC to that it can be presented to TCR on T cell

36
Q

Mechanism of antigen processing depends on

A

Location of infection AND type of APC

37
Q

Class 1 synthesis

A

Protein antigen in cell, run through proteosome and degraded, passed to ER through TAP, becomes attached to MHC 1 and moves to membrane

38
Q

Class 1 derived from

A

Cytoplasmic sources of antigen (intracellular)

39
Q

Class 2 synthesis

A

Macrophage engulfs…MHC 2 and peptides fuse in vesicles and move to membrane

40
Q

Antigen processing by B cells

A

Cell surface Ig binds to bacteria…engulfed and degraded…vesicles of MHC2 and peptides fuse and move to cell surface

41
Q

CD8 and CD4 purpose

A

Make sure that T cell subsets bind to proper class of MHC

Foundations Test 4 (12 decks)

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