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A&P-1 > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four basic types of tissue?

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

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2
Q

What connect adjacent cells mechanically at the cell membranes or through cytoskeletal elements within and between cells?

A

Intracellular Junctions

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3
Q

Keep a leakproof seal in organs like the stomach and bladder

A

Tight junctions

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4
Q

Makes an adhesion belt that keeps tissues from separating as they stretch and contract.

A

Adherens Junctions

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5
Q

What is a cadherin?

A

transmembrane proteins

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6
Q

Where do cadherin attach?

A

the plaque

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7
Q

Where does the plaque attach in an adheren junction?

A

microfilaments

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8
Q

Has an adhesion belt

A

Adherens junction

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9
Q

Where does the plaque attach on desmosome junctions?

A

intermediate filaments

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10
Q

What anchors an epithelial cell to the basement of membrane?

A

Hemidesmosome

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11
Q

What part of the Hemidesmosome attach to the basement membrane?

A

Transmembrane glycoproteins

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12
Q

In gap junctions, what are the transmembrane proteins that form channel?

A

Connexins

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13
Q

What do the connexins in gap junctions do?

A

attach to each to form a continuity between the cytosols of adjacent cells for transfer of nutrients, cell signals, and perhaps wastes

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14
Q

What is important about gap junctions?

A

Ions can pass from one cell to the next, carrying electrical signals.
Important in conducting action potentials in the heart

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15
Q

What do epithelial tissues cover?

A

body surfaces and form glands and line hollow organs.

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16
Q

What do connective tissues do?

A

Protect, support, and bind organs.

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17
Q

What are types of connective tissues?

A

Fat, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets.

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18
Q

Epithelium is good at _____ things like mucous, hormones, and other substances.

A

secreting

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19
Q

What do the basal lamina and the reticular lamina form?

A

non-cellular basement membrane on which the epithelium sits.

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20
Q

The basal layer of the epithelium secretes a?

A

Basal lamina

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21
Q

The underlying connective tissue of the epithelium secretes?

A

a recticular lamina

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22
Q

What are the functions of epithelial tissue?

A 
Protection
Filtration
Secretion
Absorption 
Excretion
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23
Q

What are the intracellular junctions talked about in class

A 
Tight junctions 
Adherens Junctions 
Desmosomes 
Hemidesmosomes 
Gap Junctions
24
Q

What are three epithelial cell layer arrangments?

A

simple
pseudostratified
stratified

25
Q

What are the cell shapes of the epithelial tissue?

A

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

26
Q

Type of epithelia

Flat, wide “paving stone” cells

A

Squamous

27
Q

Type of epithelia

Cells as tall as they are wide

A

Cuboidal

28
Q

Type of epithelia

Cells taller than they are wide

A

Columnar

29
Q

Type of epithelia arrangement

One layer, all cells are in contact with basement membrane

A

Simple

30
Q

Type of epithelia arrangement

Appears to have layers, but in reality all cells go from the apex to the base

A

Pseudostratified

31
Q

Type of epithelia arrangement

Two or more layers. Only basal layer in contact with basement membrane

A

Stratified

32
Q

Composed of a single layer of flat cells

A

Simple squamous epithelium

33
Q

Found in the air sacs of lungs, lining of blood vessels, the heart, and lymphatic vessels

A

Simple Squamous epithelium

34
Q

Found in all capillaries, including those of the kidney, and is a major part of the serous membrane

A

Simple Squamous epithelium

35
Q

Composed of a single layer of cube shaped cells.

A

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

36
Q

Often found lining the tubules of the kidneys and many other glands

A

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

37
Q

Forms a single layer of column- like cells, cilia, microvilli, mucous (goblet cells)

A

Simple Columnar Epithelium

38
Q

What are goblet cells?

A

simple columnar cells that have differentiated to acquire the ability to secrete mucous

39
Q

Appears to have layers, but in reality all cells are attached to the basement membrane in a single layer. Some do not extend to the apical surface.

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

40
Q

Ciliated tissue has goblet cells that secrete mucous

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

41
Q

Cells at or nearer to the base may have different shape from those at the surface.

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

42
Q

Can be keratinized or non-keratinized

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

43
Q

has apical surface made up of two or more layers of cube-shaped cells

A

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

44
Q

Locations of this type of epithelium include the ducts of sweat glands and esophageal glands.

A

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

45
Q

Very rare, and hardly worth mentioning

A

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

46
Q

Change shape depending on the state of stretch in the tissue.

A

Transitional Epithelium

47
Q

The apical “dome cells” of the top layer are an identifiable feature and signify an empty bladder. Flattened in a full bladder

A

Transitional Epithelium

48
Q

Prominent feature of the outer layers of the skin

A

Stratified squamous

49
Q

Makes up epithelial membranes and lines the blood vessels

A

Simple Squamous

50
Q

Common in the digestive tract

A

Columnar

51
Q

Characteristic of the upper respiratory tract

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

52
Q

Found in the bladder

A

Transitional

53
Q

Lines ducts and sweat glands

A

Cuboidal

54
Q

Found in serous membranes such as the pericardium, pleura, and peritoneum.

A

Mesothelium

55
Q

Specialized simple squamous epithelium that lines the entire circulatory system from the heart to the smallest capillary

A

Endothelium

56
Q

Extremely important in reducing turbulence of flow of blood

A

Endothelium

A&P-1 (6 decks)

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