Tissues Flashcards
What are the four basic types of tissue?
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
What connect adjacent cells mechanically at the cell membranes or through cytoskeletal elements within and between cells?
Intracellular Junctions
Keep a leakproof seal in organs like the stomach and bladder
Tight junctions
Makes an adhesion belt that keeps tissues from separating as they stretch and contract.
Adherens Junctions
What is a cadherin?
transmembrane proteins
Where do cadherin attach?
the plaque
Where does the plaque attach in an adheren junction?
microfilaments
Has an adhesion belt
Adherens junction
Where does the plaque attach on desmosome junctions?
intermediate filaments
What anchors an epithelial cell to the basement of membrane?
Hemidesmosome
What part of the Hemidesmosome attach to the basement membrane?
Transmembrane glycoproteins
In gap junctions, what are the transmembrane proteins that form channel?
Connexins
What do the connexins in gap junctions do?
attach to each to form a continuity between the cytosols of adjacent cells for transfer of nutrients, cell signals, and perhaps wastes
What is important about gap junctions?
Ions can pass from one cell to the next, carrying electrical signals.
Important in conducting action potentials in the heart
What do epithelial tissues cover?
body surfaces and form glands and line hollow organs.
What do connective tissues do?
Protect, support, and bind organs.
What are types of connective tissues?
Fat, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets.
Epithelium is good at _____ things like mucous, hormones, and other substances.
secreting
What do the basal lamina and the reticular lamina form?
non-cellular basement membrane on which the epithelium sits.
The basal layer of the epithelium secretes a?
Basal lamina
The underlying connective tissue of the epithelium secretes?
a recticular lamina
What are the functions of epithelial tissue?
Protection Filtration Secretion Absorption Excretion
What are the intracellular junctions talked about in class
Tight junctions Adherens Junctions Desmosomes Hemidesmosomes Gap Junctions
What are three epithelial cell layer arrangments?
simple
pseudostratified
stratified
What are the cell shapes of the epithelial tissue?
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Type of epithelia
Flat, wide “paving stone” cells
Squamous
Type of epithelia
Cells as tall as they are wide
Cuboidal
Type of epithelia
Cells taller than they are wide
Columnar
Type of epithelia arrangement
One layer, all cells are in contact with basement membrane
Simple
Type of epithelia arrangement
Appears to have layers, but in reality all cells go from the apex to the base
Pseudostratified
Type of epithelia arrangement
Two or more layers. Only basal layer in contact with basement membrane
Stratified
Composed of a single layer of flat cells
Simple squamous epithelium
Found in the air sacs of lungs, lining of blood vessels, the heart, and lymphatic vessels
Simple Squamous epithelium
Found in all capillaries, including those of the kidney, and is a major part of the serous membrane
Simple Squamous epithelium
Composed of a single layer of cube shaped cells.
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Often found lining the tubules of the kidneys and many other glands
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Forms a single layer of column- like cells, cilia, microvilli, mucous (goblet cells)
Simple Columnar Epithelium
What are goblet cells?
simple columnar cells that have differentiated to acquire the ability to secrete mucous
Appears to have layers, but in reality all cells are attached to the basement membrane in a single layer. Some do not extend to the apical surface.
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
Ciliated tissue has goblet cells that secrete mucous
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
Cells at or nearer to the base may have different shape from those at the surface.
Stratified squamous epithelium
Can be keratinized or non-keratinized
Stratified squamous epithelium
has apical surface made up of two or more layers of cube-shaped cells
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
Locations of this type of epithelium include the ducts of sweat glands and esophageal glands.
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
Very rare, and hardly worth mentioning
Stratified Columnar Epithelium
Change shape depending on the state of stretch in the tissue.
Transitional Epithelium
The apical “dome cells” of the top layer are an identifiable feature and signify an empty bladder. Flattened in a full bladder
Transitional Epithelium
Prominent feature of the outer layers of the skin
Stratified squamous
Makes up epithelial membranes and lines the blood vessels
Simple Squamous
Common in the digestive tract
Columnar
Characteristic of the upper respiratory tract
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
Found in the bladder
Transitional
Lines ducts and sweat glands
Cuboidal
Found in serous membranes such as the pericardium, pleura, and peritoneum.
Mesothelium
Specialized simple squamous epithelium that lines the entire circulatory system from the heart to the smallest capillary
Endothelium
Extremely important in reducing turbulence of flow of blood
Endothelium
