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anat and phys > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What is a tissue

A

Groups or layers of similar specialised cells with common function

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2
Q

What are organs

A

2 or more tissues combined

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3
Q

What do organs consist of

A

a. Parenchyma: the functional element

b. Stroma: supportive framework

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4
Q

Epithelial tissue definition

A

Forms outer layer of a body, lines alimentary canal and other hollow structures and makes up glands

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5
Q

Epithelial tissue functions

A

Secretion, barrier, absorption, protection, transcellular transport, sensing

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6
Q

Epithelial tissue characteristics

A 
Have polarity: portion of the cell exposed to the lumen
One or many sheets
Highlight cellular
Cell to cell contacts
Avascular
Nerve supply
Cells resting on basement membrane
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7
Q

Basement membrane

A

Made of collagen fibres and glycoproteins
Sits on a bed of loose connective tissue
Anchors epithelium to loose connective tissue
Forms organised scaffold to provide structural support

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8
Q

Simple squamous epithelium

A

Fast absorption
Diffusion
Make thin membranes

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9
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Absorb nutrients
Produce secretions
Nucleus very circular and central

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10
Q

Simple columnar epithelium

A

Absorb nutrients
Produce secretions
Nuclei elliptical

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11
Q

Simple epithelium

A

Simple = one layer thick

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12
Q

Stratified epithelium

A

Stratified = many stacked layers

Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

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13
Q

Special features of epithelial tissue

A

Keratin:
Fibrous structural protein that protects epithelial cells from damage or stress
Extremely insoluble in water and organic solvents
Key structural material making up the outer layer of human skin

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14
Q

Keratin function

A

Adheres cells to each other

Forms a protective layer on the outside of the skin

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15
Q

Psuedostratified epithelium

A

Looks like several layers, but is one

Cells connect to the basement membrane

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16
Q

Muscle tissue types and general function

A

Smooth, skeletal, cardiac

Can contract, highly cellular, highly vascular, contains myofilaments

17
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Striations, nuclei near cell membrane, multiple nuclei per cell, voluntary contraction

18
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

striations, intercalated discs, branched, involuntary contraction, uninucleated

19
Q

Smooth muscle types

A

Often presents in two different planes

  1. inner layer of smooth muscle= circular in tranverse section
  2. outer layer of smooth muscle tissue = longitudinal cut
20
Q

Smooth muscle function

A

Fusiform, nucleus central, involuntary contraction, lack striations

21
Q

Connective tissue characteristics

A

Very variable type of tissue
Can be vascular or not
Extracellular matrix between cells

22
Q

Extracellular matrix

A

Fibres embedded in ground substance
Ground substance mainly tissue fluid
Scaffold between cells
Biochemical support to the surrounding cells

23
Q

Cell proliferation and differentiation: the two main stages

A

Immature: blast, undifferentiated, actively mitotic divisions, secretes fibres and ground substance
Mature cell type: cyst, mainly differentiated, less cell divisions

24
Q

Chondroblast

A

secrete extracellular matrix in cartilage, differentiate into chondrocytes

25
Q

Chondrocytes

A

Function mainly in diffusion of nutrients and other substances and in repair of matrix

26
Q

Connective tissue functions

A 
Support
Protection
Insulation
Transport
Storage
27
Q

Connective tissue proper

A

Loose: areolar, adipose, reticular
Dense: regular, irregular

28
Q

Cartilage

A

Type of connective
Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage

29
Q

Bone

A

Type of connective
Spongy
Compact

30
Q

Nervous tissue characteristics

A 
Found in the nervous system:
CNS - brain and spinal cord
PNS = ganglia 
Important for communication and control
Highly cellular
31
Q

Neurons

A

Excitable cells that transmit electrical signals

32
Q

Glial cells

A

Supporting cells:
Oligodendrocyte
Astrocyte

anat and phys (19 decks)

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