Tissues Flashcards
1
Q
What makes up an osteon? (4)
A
Lacunae
Lamellae
Canaliculi
Central Haversian Canal
2
Q
What is the structure of lamellae?
A
Concentric rings
3
Q
What is the structure of canaliculi?
A
Minute canals
4
Q
What is the structure of central Haversian canal?
A
Cavity
5
Q
What is the structure of lacunae?
A
Gap/cavity
6
Q
What do the lamellae contain? and function.
A
Mineralised salts for hardness, mineralised collagen for tensile strength
7
Q
What do the canaliculi contain? and function.
A
Osteocytic processes and extracellular fluid: provide routes, links to other osteocytes via gap junctions
8
Q
What does the central Haversian canal contain? and function.
A
Nerves, blood vessels, lymph vessels for exchange of nutrients and waste.
9
Q
What do the lacunae contain? and function.
A
Osteocytes, they are the lakes.
10
Q
Where can they be found?
- Lacunae
- Canaliculi
A
- Between the lamellae
2. Radiate out of lacunae
11
Q
What makes up blood?
A
Blood plasma and formed elements (erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC, granular and agranular), megakaryocytes (platelets)
12
Q
What is the function of erythrocytes?
A
They are RBC transport O2 and CO2
13
Q
What is the function of megakaryocytes?
A
They are produced in the red bone marrow and produce platelets which are for blood clots.
14
Q
What is the function of leukocytes?
A
Combat disease (WBC)
15
Q
What are the subsets of leucocytes? Put them into 2 groups.
A
Agranular:
- Monocytes (activated version is macrophages, phagocytosis, engulf bacteria)
- B Lymphocyte ( become plasma cells)
- T Lymphocyte (help cells in immune response)
Granular:
- Neutrophil (first line of defence, phagocytosis, many at the site of inflammation)
- Eosinophil ( deal with some parasitic worms and acute allergic response)
- Basophil (secrete histamine to intensity inflammatory system, e.g. mast cells)
16
Q
What is the function of epithelia? (SAPEF)
A
Protection, secretion, filtration, absorption, excretion
17
Q
What germ layers would you find in epithelial tissue?
A
ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
18
Q
What germ layers would you find in CT?
A
Mesoderm
19
Q
What germ layers would you find in muscle tissue?
A
Mesoderm
20
Q
What germ layers would you find in nervous tissue?
A
Ectoderm
21
Q
Examples of mesoderm?
A
Bone, blood, heart
22
Q
Examples of ectoderm?
A
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, epithelium of the skin, the lining of GI tract (except oral and anal canal)
23
Q
Examples of endoderm?
A
The epithelium of its associated glands (stomach and intestines)
24
Q
How are epithelium cells arranged
A
Continuous sheets
25
Give an example of one sheet and multiple layers.
Skin
| Abdominal organ
26
How are the sheets held together?
Cell Junctions
27
List all the cell junctions.
Tight, Adherens, Desmosomes, Gap, Hemidesmosomes.
28
What is a junctional complex?
Consists of tight, adherens, and desmosomes.
29
What makes up the cytoskeleton in a cell?
Microfilaments, intermediate filaments
30
What is the function of intermediate filaments? and an example.
Keratin, strength and move materials to the cytoplasm
31
What is the function of a microfilament? (5)
1. give strength
2. link cytoplasm to the membrane
3. muscle contraction
4. alters cell shape
5. keep cells together
32
What do the microfilaments look like?
Bundles beneath cell membrane and cytoplasm.
33
Example of microfilament.
Actin
34
Apical surface?
Free surface
35
What junction can we find in the lateral surface?
Every junction EXCEPT hemidesmosomes
36
What is the basal junction, and what does it do?
Hemidesmosome attaches to the surface
37
What is the structure of the tight junction?
Individual sealing strands, the more strands, the stronger the seal. Close to the microvilli (the whitish thing on the very surface) of the cell as it "seals the cell TIGHTLY together"
38
What does 'electrically tight' mean?
Many strands in a tight junction
39
What is tight junction made out of?
Many proteins but mainly occludins and claudins
40
What are the functions of the tight junction? (3)
1. Join cytoskeletons
2. Keep cell polarity, prevention of ions migrating, leaking of proteins between apical and basal.
3. Seal the cell to prevent water and solutes from passing through cells.
41
What do tight junctions look like in histology slide?
Dense, right at the top near apical layer
42
What is the structure of adherens junctions?
Cadherins span the gap, cadherin link catenins to actin
43
What is another name of adherens junction?
Belt junction/desmosome
44
What is the function of adherens?
Bind cells together, strengthen it
45
Adherens Belt is found...
Below the Tight Junction, near the Basal
46
Adherens Belt functions are... (3)
1. "Adheres" which belts around cells, keeps them bound together
2. When pulled on each other, it supports/stop pulling apart
3. Catenins link Cadherins (like a zip/bridge attach to each other) to Actin (micro-filament)
47
Adherens Belt Histology
Blurry and gappy looking after the Tight Junction
48
Desmosomes Junction is found...
Lateral wall
49
Desmosomes Junction functions are: (2)
1. Overcome shearing forces, hold cells together under physical stress
2. Cell surface links to Keratin (cytoskeleton; intermediate filament) and Cadherins spans the gaps. Same as adherens but not cadherins, KERATIN
50
Desmosomes Junction Histology
The intermediate line with radiating dense filaments, protein fibres radiating out.
51
Gap Junctions are found..
Found in the Lateral wall
52
Gap Junctions functions are... (2)
1. Rapid communication (allows small signalling molecules to pass through the gaps like a channel)
2. Rapid conduction (allows ions to freely move)
53
Gap Junction Structure
6 Connexins (protein molecule) = 1 Connexon (hemi channel)
2 Connexons = Gap Junction
54
Hemidesmosomes Junction are found...
Found in Basal. Linking cellular basal to BM
55
Hemidesmosomes binds...
Keratin links Integrin to Laminin
56
What makes up the basement membrane?
Basal lamina
| Reticular lamina
57
How is the basal lamina formed?
Epithelial tissue secretes cells
58
What is reticular lamina made out of?
Secreted by fibroblasts (cells in underlying CT) with fibrous proteins, collagen and fibronectin
59
Where is the BM?
Inbetween the CT an epithelial tissue.
60
What is the function of the BM?
Support underlying epithelium
| Provide a surface which epithelial cells migrate during growth and wound healing
61
What do the epithelia contain? nerves? blood vessels?
Nerves but NO BLOOD. AVASCULAR
62
How does the exchange of nutrients and waste take place in the epithelial tissue?
By diffusion from vessels to CT
63
What is a gland?
a single group of cells that secrete substances into ducts onto a surface or blood.
64
What are the two types of glandular epithelial tissue?
Endocrine and Exocrine
65
What is the function of endocrine glandular?
secrete directly into blood usually through interstitial fluids
66
Give two types of epithelial endocrine glands
thyroid, pituitary,
67
What is the function of exocrine gland? and examples
secrete into ducts which empty onto the surface of a covering or lining epithelia.
68
Give examples of exocrine glands.
Sweat, salivary, wax.
69
What would be a single cell exocrine gland be and what is it?
Goblet cell mucous cells which produce mucous in large secretory walls.
70
How many types of multicellular glands are there? List them.
```
Simple branched acinar
Simple branched tubular
Simple tubular
Simple coiled tubular
Simple acinar
```
Compound tubular
Compound acinar
Compuound tubloacinar
71
What determines if it is acinar or tubular?
Tubular, like a test tube shape, straight and tubed ended.
Acinar, sac-like pockets
72
Simple branched acinar
sebaceous glands
73
Simple branched tubular
gastric glands, mucous glands, duodenum, oesophagus, tongue
74
Simple acinar
stage in the embryonic development of simple branched glands
75
Simple coiled tubular
mecronine sweat glands
76
Compound tubular
mucous glands in mouth, bulbo urethral, glands in male repro
77
Compound acinar
Mammary glands
78
Compound acinartubular
SAlivary glands, glands at resp passages, pancreas
79
Organ which is exocrine and endocrine?
Pancreas
80
SEE YOUR FLOWCHART AND EXPLAIN THE EPITHELIAL TISSUE
Arrangement and Shape
81
What are the two types of epithelial?
Covering and lining
| Glandular
82
What is the role of covering and lining epithelial?
Cover exposed surfaces and internal organs
83
What kind of cells would you find covering and lining epithelial?
Scattered secretory cells
84
What are the two types of covering and lining epithelial?
Outer and inner covering
85
Where do you find outer covering epithelial?
Covers skin and organs
86
Where do you find inner covering and lining epithelial?
Blood vessels interior of DURR systems ducts and body cavities
87
In which glands do you find endocrine tissue?
Those which secrete hormones or precursors into interstitial fluid
88
How are covering and lining epithelial classified?
Shape and arrangement of cells
89
What does squamous epithelial look like and what is their unique feature?
Thin, irregular, looks like fried eggs, flat and the most delicate, diffusion.
90
What does columnar epithelial look like and what is their unique feature?
More tall as they are wide, secretion and absorption
91
What does cuboidal epithelial look like and what is their unique feature?
About as tall as they are wide, secretion and absorption
92
What does transitional epithelial look like and what is their unique feature?
when relaxed they are dome shaped and look like scallops but when they are stretched they look more flat .
93
What does the arrangement do? Simple
Single layer, for secretion absorption, filtration
94
What does the arrangement do? stratified?
2 or more layers regular arrangement, protection.
95
What does the arrangement do? Pseudostratified
Appears to have more than 1 layer as nuclei look like they are on top of each other but are not as all cells reach the BM but not all cells reach the apical surface so only one surface in reality
96
What are simple squamous sub-types?
Mesothelium
| Endothelium
97
Where would you find an endothelial tissue type?
lining inside of heart and blood vessels
98
Where would you find mesothelial tissue type?
Lining of serous membranes (pericardial, pleura, peritoneal cavities)
99
Simple columnar sub-types?
Ciliated and non ciliated
100
Where can you find simple cuboidal cells?
```
Pancreas ducts,
Parts of kidney
Secretory chambers of thyroid
Lens surface
Pigmented epithelial at posterior of retina
```
101
Where can you find simple squamous?
```
In bowman's capsule
Visceral cavity linings
Inside eye
Alveoli
Inside heart
Inside blood vessels
```
102
What are the features of ciliated simple columnar cell?
single layer of hairs which move in a rhythmic beat which are called cilia hairs
103
What is the ciliated simple columnar function?
To assist motility of mucous and foreign objects or oocytes
104
Where is simple ciliated columnar found?
```
Some bronchioles
Sinuses
Ventricles of brain
Fallopian tubes
Central canal of spinal cord
```
105
What are the features of non ciliated simple columnar?
A single layer of microvilli on apical surface
106
What is microvilli?
Non motile cytoplasmic projections
107
What is the function of non-ciliated columnar epithelial?
Secretion
Absorption
Lubrication (for goblet cells)
108
What are the main functions of CT?
Bind and support, and strengthen other body tissues
The major transport system of the body
The major site of stored energy
109
What is the major transport system of the body?
Blood in CT
110
What is the major stored energy reserved?
Fat or adipose tissue of the cell
111
Where is CT not found?
On body surfaces
112
Where is CT found?
Inside of the body, where bones, cartilage, blood is located
113
What is the main feature of CT
Highly vascular except cartilage and tendons - very little blood supply
114
What is CT supported by? What are the exceptions?
Nerves but not cartilage
115
What is the equation of CT?
ECM + Cells = CT
116
What is ECM made out of?
Ground Substance and Fibres
117
What is GS made out of?
Proteins, water, and sugars (polysaccharides)
118
What are the subtypes of the fibres component?
1. Elastic
2. Collagen
3. Reticular
119
How are fibres formed?
Secreted by ECM cells in different proportions
120
What determines the qualities of CT?
The proportions and structure of ECM
121
Give two examples of CT where are different qualities?
```
Cartilage = ECM is firm and rubbery
Bone = ECM is hard and inflexible
```
122
What are proteoglycans?
Protein and glycosaminoglycans (GAGS)
123
What other name does proteoglycan have?
musopolysaccharides
124
What is a disaccharide unit? Contains what?
Amino sugar
Uronic sugar
Both highly polar attracts water
125
What are the two subsets of GAGS?
Sulphated and Non-sulphated
126
What do sulphated GAGS do?
Bind to a protein core
127
What is the main function of GAG? Why?
It traps water, as it is polar
GS becomes more jelly like
128
What does non-sulphated GAG do?
Join to various proteoglycans link not directly to the protein core
129
What's the equation for linking GAGs?
GAG + Protein core --> Proteoglycan + Hyaluronic acid --> AGGRECAN
130
Examples of sulphated GAG? Abnormality?
1. CHondroitin
2. Heparin
3. Dermatran
4. Keratan
If an abnormal amount of ECM (GS) so protruding eye results
131
Example of non-sulphated GAG?
Hyaluronic Acid
132
Functions of Hyaluronic acid is?
To make GS more liquid so they can move more easily in it.
1. Viscous, slippery substance which cells bind together
2. Lubricates joints
3. Maintains the shape of the eyeball
133
How does hyaluronic acid able to perform its function?
The enzyme hyaluronidase breaks it down
134
Where is the enzyme produced?
WBC, sperm, and some bacteria
135
In repro, when is hyaluronic acid used?
The egg is surrounded by it so sperm is able to access it easier
136
What are the features of Collagen fibre?
V. strong
| Flexible to resist pulling forces
137
What % are we collagen?
25%, most abundant protein
138
How is collagen different in different CT and give eg
Due to different features, more water around collagen in cartilage than in bone
139
What does collagen look like in histology?
THICCC
140
What is reticular fibre made up of?
Fine bundles of collagen with a coating of glycoprotein
141
What is reticular fibre made by?
Fibroblasts
142
How are the collagen fibre bundles distributed?
Forms networks in vessels and through tissues, thinner branching spread through tissue.
143
What are elastic fibres like compared to collagen fibres?
Thinner
144
How are elastic fibres distributed?
Fibrous network
145
What special features does elastic fibre have?
Can stretch 150% w/o breaking
146
Where can elastic fibre be found?
Lungs, blood vessels, skin
147
What is the structure of elastic fibres?
Protein elastin is surrounded by glycoprotein fibrillin (sausage roll)
148
What is up with the sausage roll like structure?
Give it more strength and stability
149
What is Marfan syndrome?
Defect/mutation is chromosome 15 which codes for fibrillin (350KDA)
150
What is fibrillin?
Large glycoprotein contributes to a structural scaffold for elastin
151
Signs of Marfan syndrome are?
Tall, skinny, long-limbed chest deformed
152
The result of Marfan syndrome?
Weak aortic heart valves and arterial walls
153
How often is Marfan syndrome?
1/20,000 births
154
What are the common cells of CT?
Adipose and fibroblasts
155
What are fibroblasts?
Found in CT that are migratory move around and can make collagen and other fibres
156
What are adipocytes?
Fat cells which are found around organs and underneath skin
157
What are the other cells which make up CT
macrophages
Plasma cells
Mast Cells
Leukocytes
158
What are macrophages and where can they be found?
Phagocytic cells ,fixed or free wandering
159
Location example of fixed macrophages
Alveolar tissue
| Spleen
160
Location example of wandering macrophaged
Sites of inflammation, infection injury
161
What are plasma cells
Formed B lymphocytes which produces antibodies
162
Where can plasma cells be found?
Many CT but esp in gut and lung and salivary gland, spleen, red bone marrow
163
What do mast cells produce
Histamine that dilates vessels
164
where can mast cells be found?
along bv
165
What are lekocytes
WBC
166
Where can leukocytes be found
migrate out from blood
167
Go over yout types flow chart of CT
ok
168
What cells are found in loose adipose?
adipocytes derived from fibroblasts
169
what 2 types of adipose CT?
Brown and white adipose tissue
170
Which type of body will you find white adipose ct
vessels incr
so bo incr
heart works harder
adults
171
why is there brown adipose tissue?
rich blood supply and numerous pigmented mitochondria
172
what fibres found in loose reticular tissue?
reticular fibres
173
what is the structure of loose reticular tissue
fine interlacing network of reticular fibres and reticular cells
174
where can reticular tissue be found
```
stroma of liver
red bone marrow
spleen
reticular lamina of BM
lymph nodes
around bv and muscles
```
175
function of reticular connective tissue
forms stroma of organs
| filtration in spleen and lymph nodes to remove worn out blood in spleen and microbes in lymph nodes
176
what fibres are dense reg?
collagen
177
how are the collagen fibres arranged in dense ct
more fibres less cells
178
arranged?
regularly, 1 directo with rows in between them
179
How can this tissue be identified ( dense reg CT )
shing white colour shiny white colour
180
what is the weakness of this tissue
slow healing process cos v. low blood supply (think tendon)
181
what is the structure of dense ireg
ireg has arranged fibroblasts with FEW fibroblasts and also contain bv so has blood supply
182
where can dense ireg be seen?
membrane capsules around various organs (kid, liv, testes, lymph nodes)
reticular region of skin
peristeum of bone
pericardium of heart
perichondrium of cartilage
183
function of the dense ireg
resis and withstand forces in many directions
184
what fibres are found in dense elsatic?
elastic fibres
185
where can this type of tissue be found dense elastic
```
lung tissue
walls of arteries
trachea
bronchial tubes
vocal cords
supensory uganrent of penis
some ligament between vertabrae
```
186
function of elastic tissue?
allow for stretching of organs strong
187
how can this tissue be identified?
appears yellow when stained
188
what is most common ct
loose areolar CT
189
what makes up hyaline cartilage
collagen fibres and elastic
190
how is hyaline cartilage arranged?
dense network
191
structure of this cartilage is
fine collagen fibres
GS as a resilient gel
lacunae where chondrocytes are found contains perichondrium and collagen fibres
192
where can hyaline be found?
resp cartilage
anterior ends of ribs
ends of long bones
embryonic and fetal skeleton
193
function of hyalin
provide smooth surfaces for movement of joints
flexy
support
194
how can identify?
bluish shiny white
| during staining pink purple
195
what fibres found in fibrocartilage
collagen
196
what is the structure of fibrocartilage
clearly visible collagen fibres (thicc bundles)
chondrocutes in lacunae
197
what is the main difference with hyaline and fibrocartilage
fibro has lots perichondrium
198
where can fibrocartilage be found>
intercalated discs
| cartilage pads of knee
199
what type of fiber in elastic cartilage
elastic
200
where can elastic tissue be found?
ear
auditory tubes
epiglottis
201
what function does elastic cartilage have
retain shape
stretch
strength
202
which one is stonger cartilage
fibro
203
weakest cartilage?
hyaline
204
cartilage for stretch
elastic
205
2 types of bone tissue are
compact and spongy
206
what is the main differnce between bone types
spongy has no osteons
207
2 subsets of spongy is
red bone marrow (hematopoietic cell prod.)
yellow bone marrow (store triglycerides)
208
compact bone stores?
calcium and phosphorus
209
bone cell types
osteogenic to osteoblasts to osteocytes can broeak with osteoclasts
210
what are osteogenic cells
mesenchymal cells that develop become trapped in ECM and become osteoblasts
211
osteoblast function
bone forming cells become surrounded by collagen that becomes mineralised
212
osteocytes function
maintain bone tissue involved in nutrient exchanges trapped in mature bone cells in ECM gap junction connect to other osteocytes
213
osteclasts function
large multinucleated cells formed from fusion of monocytes breakdown bone tissue function is reabsorption and repair and renew bone
214
what is the diameter of myofibrils
2nm
215
where can myofibrils be found
fill up most of sarcoplasm extend entire length within cell
216
what are myofibrils made of
2 types of myofilaments
217
filaments are
myosin 16nm diameter 1-2 n long
actin 8nm diameter
1-2 mm long
218
myofilaments arranged in
sections called sarcomere
219
difference between myofilaments and myofibrils aer
myofilaments do not extend whole of muscle length
220
sacromere?
basic contractile unit of myofibril
221
H zone
thick fil only
222
A band
dark middle part
| thick and thin fil
223
I band
thin band only
| light
224
M line
middle of sarcomere center of H zone
| hold thick fil together
225
z disc
plate of dense material
centre of I band
connect filaments of adj sarcomeres
made of actinin
226
titin is?
connect z disc to M line
molecular spring
provides tension in I band
adds contraction rebound
227
what produces the striations
overlap of thick and thin
228
structure of cardiac muscle
fibres join at intercalated discs
229
what do intercalated have
gap and desmosoes
230
desmosome function in caridiac is
bind intermediate filaments to provide adhesion
231
gap function in cardiac
allow comms
| rapid and coordinated conduction
232
do cardiac have sarcomeres
yes they have myosin and actin
233
length of smooth muscle
200-30nm long
234
how wide can it be
3-8 nm thickest in the middle
235
structures found in smooth muscle
think thin fil
dense bodies
int. filaments
236
how are dense bodies and filaments formed in smooth
have contractie sections of bundles of thick and thin filaments spanning between dense bodies
237
How are dense bodies and int. filaments connected
int filaments are non contractile and attach to dense bodies
238
dense bodies and z disc similar because
both made out of actinin
239
what happens when smooth contracts
tension transmitted to int fil and cell twists about itself around and bulges out
240
Why spindle shape?
means lots of cells tightly packed together
241
how are CNS and PNS connected
sensory (PNS to CNS)
integrative
Motor (CNS to PNS)
242
what is sensory?
Detection of internal and external stimulus
243
What is integrative?
Analyse and storing information
244
What is motor?
Stimulation of effectors like muscle and gland
245
How are they linked?
Receptor to CNS to effector
CNS is integrative
246
What are neurons made out of?
Cell body (soma)
Short branched dendrites
Single axon
Axon terminal
247
How do neurons convey impulses?
Their dendrites convey nerve impulses action potentials to and from axons
248
How does axon convey the nerve impulses to other neurons?
Through axon terminal connected to another dendrite
249
What are dendrites? function> how are they conveying nerve impulses
Relay information to nucleus in cell body then axon
dendrite attach to dendrites
250
What is special about neurons?
Longest cell in body (up to 1m from spinal cord to toe)
251
What are the 4 types of neurons?
Multipolar
Bipolar
Unipolar
Anonxonix
252
How many dendrites are in multipolar?
2 or more connected to cell body
253
How many axons in multipolar?
1
254
What kind of neurons are multipolar?
All motor neurons e.g. control skeletal muscles
255
WHy are multipolar neurons some of the longest and eg?
Because of long axon e.g. spinal cord to toe
256
Where is the cell body found? n multipolar?
Inside the dendrite
257
How many dendrites are in bipolar?
1 dendrite connected to one soma (cell body)
258
How many axons? in bipolar
1
259
In which organs do you find bipolar?
Special sense organs (sight smell hear) which RELAY INFO FROM RECEPTOR TO NEURON
260
Where is the cell body found in bipolar?
Between axon and dendrite
261
How big is it? Bipolar?
Rare and small 20nm
262
How are unipolar different to bi and multi?
Dendrite and axon are continuous
263
How are unipolar and bipolar similar?
Both have 1 dendrite and 1 axon
264
How are the dendrites and axon differentiated?
Where dendrites converfe is where the axon starts
265
WHere can unipolar be found
most sensory nerves
266
Where is the cell body in unipolar?
To on side
267
Is unipolar long or short
It can be really long
268
Where can anoxic neurons be found?
Brains and special sense organs
269
Where is neuroglia found?
Found in PNS and CNS
270
How much vol does it account in CNS?
1/2 the volume as 'glue'
271
How big is it compared to neurons and how many
Smaller but more numerous (2-50x)
272
What is the difference between it and neurons (neuroglia)
It does not propagate action potentials but can communicate
273
What can neuroglia do in the mature nervous system to reproduce and spread out?
Divide
274
What function do neuroglia have?
Physical structure of nervous tissue
Repair framework and nervous tissue
Undertake phagocytosis
Nutrient supply to neurons
Regulate interstitial fluid in neural tissue
275
Which type of neuroglia can be found in CNS?
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Astrocytes
Ependymal cells
276
What is the structure of astrocytes?
Star shaped and is the largest type of neuroglia
COntains microfilaments
Syncytium networks (forms networks of cells) by gap junctions
wraps around vessels
277
What is the function of astrocytes?
For support (have microfilaments)
repair
Maintain environment around neuron by regulating ion conc
communicate with neurons via gliotransmitters e.g. glutamate
maintain blood barrier around endothelium by wrapping around vessels and affect permeability to stop movement of substance between blood and interstitial fluids
278
What are gliotransmitters?
Chemicals that facilitate nernal communication
279
WHat is structure of oligodendrocytes?
insulating myelin sheath (protein lipid layer)
280
where can oligodendrocytes be found?
around axons of CNS neurons
281
What is oligo function?
accelerate the action potential nerve impulses by helping counction
sending signals in the form of electrical impulse
282
how many neurons can oligo myelinate?
many
283
what is the structure of ependymal?
primary simple cuboidal cells
microvilli
cilia
284
How does cilia help function of ependymal?
It moves CSF
285
WHat is function of ependymal?
produce CSF and regulate it
286
How does microvilli help with ependymal function?
Sample CSF and regulate it check the pH by absorbing
287
Where can ependymal be found?
WHere CSF is located like lining ventricle of brain and central canal of spinal cord
288
Function of microglia
phagocytosis
289
where can microglia be found?
resident macrophages
290
What types of neuroglia in PNS
schwann cells
| satellite cells
291
What is the structure of schwann cell?
insulating myelin sheat
292
Function of schwann ?
myelinate 1 PNS axon
OR
support several non myelinated PNS axons
293
What is the commonly known as the schwann cell?
PNS equv to CNS oligodendrocytes
294
WHat is the difference between oligo and schwann?
schwann can only myelinate 1 axon while oligo can myelinate multiple
295
what is the structure of satellite cells?
surround neuron cell bodies
296
Which is similar to satellite cell in CNS?
astrocytes
297
what is the function of satellite cells?
Support and involved in fluid exchange - exchange of materials between neuronal cell bodies and interstitial fluids.
