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BIOSCI 107 > Systems > Flashcards

Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What are the levels of the structural organisation?

  • name examples
A

There are 6 levels:

  1. Chemical: building blocks of the body
    - atoms form to make molecules
  2. Cellular: Basic structural and functional units of the body
    - cardiac muscle cell
  3. Tissues: groups of cells which work together to perform a specific function
    - cardiac muscle
  4. Organs: a structure which is made out of 2 or more tissue types ith specific function
    - heart
  5. System: consists of related organs which work together with a common function
    - Cardiovascular system
  6. Organismal: all the parts of the body function together to constitute a living organism
    - the individual
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2
Q

How many systems are there in the body?

  • name them
A

Muscular

Urinary

Reproduction

Digestive

Endocrine

Respiratory

Skeletal

Lymphatic

Integumentary

Nervous

Cardiovascular

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3
Q

Name the 6 components of the integumentary system

A
  1. Cutaneous membranes
  2. Hair follicles
  3. Sebaceous glands
  4. Nails
  5. Hypodermis
  6. Sensory receptors
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4
Q

What makes up the cutaneous membranes?

A
  1. Epidermis
    - protect deeper tissues by covering the surface
  2. Dermis
    - Vit. D production
    - feed epidermis
    - strength
    - where glands are found
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5
Q

What is the function of sweat glands?

  • and what gland does it include?
A

Thermoregulation (evaporative cooling via sweat)

  • mammary glands
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6
Q

What is the function of the hair follicle?

  • and what are the 2 subsets and functions?
A

A hair follicle is for sensation through innervation nerves.

  • Hair is for protection
  • Sebaceous glands are for lubricating hair shaft and epidermis
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7
Q

What is the function of the nails?

A

Protecting and stiffening digits

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8
Q

What is the function of the sensory receptors

A

Detect sensations

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9
Q

What is the function of the hypodermis?

A

Stores fat. The lowest level of the skin

  • attaches the skin to deeper layers.
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10
Q

What are the two components of the muscular system?

A
  1. Skeletal muscles
    - axial and appendicular
  2. Tendons and apponueroses.
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11
Q

What is the function of the skeletal muscles? (6)

A
  1. Provide skeletal movements
  2. Support skeleton
  3. Contain stuff for prod. of blood cells
  4. Support soft tissues
  5. Prod. heat
  6. Control DUR systems
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12
Q

What are the subsets of skeletal muscles and their function?

A
  1. Axial
    - support and positioning of skeletal muscle
  2. Appendicular
    - support and move and brace limbs
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13
Q

What is a tendon?

  • and what is the CT type?
A

Muscle to bone attachment

  • dense regular CT
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14
Q

What is the function of aponeuroses?

  • Where can you find this?
A

Muscle to muscle attachment

  • Abdominal muscles (six-pack muscles)
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15
Q

What is the function of tendons and aponeuroses?

A

Translates contractile forces into tasks

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16
Q

What are the components of the skeletal system?

A

Bones, cartilage, joints, and bone marrow.

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17
Q

What are the subsets of bone, cartilage, and joints?

A

Axial:

  • protect the brain, spinal cord, sense organs and soft tissues
  • support body weight over lower limbs

Appendicular:

  • provide internal support and positioning of the external limbs
  • support the axial skeleton and ain in movement
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18
Q

What are the 2 subsets of bone marrow and their functions?

A

Red

  • RBC prod (in the flat bones like the pelvic girdle, sternum)

Yellow

  • Fat cell/adipocyte storage (long bones in the medullary cavity where the adipose tissue is stored)
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19
Q

What are the three components of the nervous system?

A

CNS

PNS

Special Senses

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20
Q

What are the roles of the CNS? (2)

A
  1. Control centre

2. Short-term control over other systems

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21
Q

What are the two subsets of CNS?

A

Brain, and spinal cord

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22
Q

What is the function of the brain? (2)

A
  1. Complex integrative activities

2. Controls voluntary and involuntary tasks

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23
Q

What is the function of the spinal cord? (2)

A
  1. Relays info to and from brain

2. Perform less complex integrative activities

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24
Q

What is the role of PNS?

A

Link other systems and sense organs

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25
Q

What is the role of special senses?

A

Sensory input to the brain for senses and homeostasis

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26
Q

What are the three components which make the cardiovascular system?

A

Blood vessels, heart, and blood

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27
Q

What are the three types of blood vessels and their function?

A

Arteries = carry blood AWAY from heart

Veins = carry blood to the heart

Capillaries = diffusion between blood and interstitial fluids ( fluid between cells)

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28
Q

What are the functions of blood? (6)

  • and how is the heart involved?
A
  1. Transport O2 and CO2
  2. Transport of nutrients, waste, and hormones
  3. Regulation of water content
  4. Regulation of temperature
  5. Defence against illness (immune cells)
  6. A/B balance (-HCO3)
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29
Q

What are the components of the lymphatic system?

A

Lymphatic vessels

Thymus

Spleen

Lymph nodes

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30
Q

What is the role of the thymus?

A

Development and maturation of T-cell lymphocytes

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31
Q

What is the role of the spleen?

A
  1. Recycle RBC
  2. Monitor circulation of blood cells
  3. Stimulate immune response
  4. Phagocytosis of pathogens
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32
Q

What is the role of the lymph nodes? (3)

A
  1. Monitor comp of lymph
  2. Phagocytosis of pathogens
  3. Stimulate immune response
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33
Q

What are common functions fo the spleen and lymph nodes?

A

Engulf pathogens and stimulate an immune response

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34
Q

What is the role of the lymphatic vessels? (2)

A
  1. Carry lymph and lymphocytes from peripheral tissues (tissues of the immune system) to veins of CV system
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35
Q

What are the three components of the male repro system?

A

Testes

Accessory organs

External Genetalia

36
Q

What makes up accessory organs and how are they related? (5)

A

Produce sperm

  • Both seminal and prostate glands produce seminal fluid/sperm

(ductus deferens, epididymis. urethra, exterior)

37
Q

What makes up external male genitalia?

A

Penis for reproduction and thermal

Scrotum control testes

38
Q

What are the five components fo the female repro system?

A

Ovaries

Fallopian tubes

Vagina/External genetalia

Mammary glands

Uterus

39
Q

What do you find in the ovaries?

A

Oocytes and hormones

40
Q

What are the uterine tubes? (2)

A

Deliver oocytes and location of fertilisation

41
Q

What is the role of vagina/external genitalia?

A

Lubrication and sperm reception and birth canal

42
Q

What is the role of the uterus?

A

Embryonic development

43
Q

What is the role of mammary gland?

A

Nutrition for newborn

44
Q

What are the components (4) of the urinary system?

A

Kidneys

Bladder

Ureters

Urethra

45
Q

What is the role of the kidney? (4)

A

Form concentration urine

Blood volume and bp

Reg H and ions

Endocrine function

46
Q

What does the kidney do in endocrine system?

A

Secretes EPO (erythropoietin hormone) which increase RBC prod

47
Q

What is the role of the bladder?

A

store urine before elimination

48
Q

What is the role of ureters?

A

Conduct urine to bladder

49
Q

What is the role of urethra?

A

Conduct urine to the exterior

50
Q

What are the components of the respiratory system?

A

Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs.

51
Q

What is the role of the paranasal sinuses/nasal cavity?

A

Filter warm humidify air and detect smells

52
Q

What is the role of the pharynx?

A

Conducts air to the larynx

53
Q

What is the role of the larynx? (2)

A
  1. Protect opening of the trachea

2. Contains vocal chords

54
Q

What is the role of the trachea?

A
  1. Filter air

2. Cartilage keeps opening open

55
Q

What is the role of the bronchi?

A

Conduct air between the trachea and lungs

56
Q

What is the role of the lungs (2)?

A
  1. Gas exchange of O2 and CO2

2. A/B control

57
Q

What are the 9 components of the endocrine system?

A
  1. Pancreas
  2. Thyroid
  3. Thymus
  4. Gonads
  5. Pineal gland
  6. Adrenal gland
  7. Kidneys
  8. Pituitary
  9. Parathyroid
58
Q

What is the role of the pancreas?

  • endocrine
  • exocrine
A
  • glucose function secretes insulin from beta cells of pancreas islets of Langerhans
  • gives out enzymes to aid in digestion
59
Q

What is the role of the thyroid?

A
  • metabolic rate

- calcium levels

60
Q

What is the role of the kidney?

A
  • RBC prod
  • BP
  • calcium levels
61
Q

What is the role of the thymus?

A

Maturation and development of lymphocytes

62
Q

What is the role of pituitary?

A
  • controls many other endocrine glands
  • regulates growth
  • regulates fluid balance
63
Q

What is the role of the parathyroid?

A
  • calcium levels
64
Q

What is the adrenal gland?

A
  • water balance
  • tissue metabolism
  • cardio and resp function
65
Q

What is the pineal gland?

A
  • day/night timing

- reproduction timing

66
Q

What is the function of the gonads?

A
  • -sexual characteristics

- reproduction

67
Q

Testes and Ovaries: which systems?

A

Reproductive, Endocrine

68
Q

Mammary glands: which systems?

A

Endocrine, integumentary, reproductive

69
Q

Thymus: which systems?

A

Endocrine, lymphatic

70
Q

Kidney: which systems?

A

Urinary, endocrine

71
Q

Pancreas: which systems?

A

Endocrine, digestive

72
Q

Prod. blood cells: which systems?

A

Muscular, skeletal, lymphatic

73
Q

Regulation of blood vol: which systems?

A

Urinary, endocrine

74
Q

Pharynx: which systems?

A

digestive, respiratory

75
Q

Urethra: which systems?

A

Male repro, urinary

76
Q

Transport of O2 and CO2: which systems?

A

CV, respiratory

77
Q

A/B regulation: which systems?

A

Respiratory, CV, Endocrine

78
Q

What are the 10 components of the digestive system?

A
  1. Oral cavity
  2. Salivary glands
  3. Oesophagus
  4. Stomach
  5. Liver
  6. Large intestine
  7. Small intestine
  8. Pancreas
  9. Gallbladder
  10. Pharynx
79
Q

What is the function of the gallbladder?

A

Concentrate bile

80
Q

What is the function of the oral cavity?

A

Break up food with teeth and tongue

81
Q

What is the function of the pancreas in digestive?

A

Digestive enzymes, buffers, endocrine cells

82
Q

What is the function of the salivary glands?

A

Lubricates. buffers enzymes begin digestion

83
Q

What is the function of the stomach?

A

Secretes acid. contains enzymes and hormones

84
Q

What is the function of the liver?

A

Secretes bile, regulate nutrients in blood

85
Q

What is the function of the small intestine?

A

digestive enzymes buffers contain hormones and absorb nutrients

86
Q

What is the function of the large intestine?

A

water removal, waste storage. and removal.

BIOSCI 107 (8 decks)

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