Tissues

Question 1

Composition of connective tissue

Answer 1

Fills spaces between organs and tissue and provides structural support

Cells and ECM: glycoproteins, fibrous proteins (collagen and elastin), GAGs, fibroblasts and water, and immune cells (macrophages, mast cells, plasma cells)

Question 2

Describe cartilage tissue

Answer 2

Dense irregular CT - perichondrium contains collagen

Question 3

Describe bone tissue

Answer 3

ECM also contains osteacalcin (Ca binding protein) to ossify bone with Ca and P
Has rick blood supply

Question 4

Describe adipose tissue

Question 5

Cells in nervous tissue

Answer 5

• Oligodendrocytes in CNS (or Schwann cells in PNS) form myelin
• Microglia - phagocytic
• Astrocyte - metabolic exchange in neurones and blood
• Ependymal cells - line ventricles in brain and spinal canal

Question 6

What is epithelium and its function

Answer 6

• Sheets of cells that cover exterior surfaces for absorption
• Secretory - glands
• Sensory - neuroepithelium
• Contractile - myoepithelial

Question 7

Characteristic of epithelium

Answer 7

• Avascular - nutrients from diffusion
• Cell-cell junctions: gap junctions (communication), adhering junctions (to cadherin) desmosome, tight junctions (seals cells)

Question 8

Describe structure of different surface epithelia

Answer 8

• Selective diffusion - simple squamous (microvilli)
• Absorption/secretion - columnar
• Physical protection - stratifies squamous keratinising epithelium

Question 9

Where are cuboidal cells found?

Answer 9

Small ducts and tubules - secretion (salivary) or absorption (cuboidal)

Question 10

Use of columnar cells

Answer 10

-Secretion or absorption i.e. ER or Golgi app.

Can be used for endocrine glands - secrete hormone to blood

Can be used for exocrine gland - secrete into a duct

Question 11

Cells in liver and kidneys

Answer 11

Both epithelial:
Liver - hepatocytes- line BV and ducts

Kidney - parenchyma - form nephrons, line BV and renal pelvis and filter blood

Question 12

What is a glands

Answer 12

Collection of secretory epithelial cells

Exocrine and endocrine

Question 13

Examples of exocrine glands

Answer 13

• Mucus (goblet cells) - proteoglycan sec.
• Serous glands - protein sec.
• Sweat
• Salivary (compound duct - with branches)

Question 14

Name discrete endocrine glands

Answer 14

Pituitary, adrenal, pineal, thyroid (PAPT)

Question 15

Name glands with both ends and exocrine function

Answer 15

Kidney, pancreas, gonads

Question 16

Excretion methods and examples

Answer 16

• Mecrocrine - release by exocytosis (sweat, salivary)

- Holocrine - make product until rupture and dies (sebaceous)