Enzymes Flashcards
What is a cofactor?
Non-protein component required for activity
What is a coenzyme?
Complex organic molecule, usually produced from a vitamin
What is a prosthetic group?
Cofactor covalently bound to the enzyme or very tightly associated with it
What is an apoenzyme?
The protein component of an enzyme that contains a cofactor
Holoenzyme
Apoenzyme plus the cofactor(s) - whole enzyme
Reaction of oxidoreductases
Transfers electrons
Reaction of transferases
Group transfers
Reactions of hydrolases
Hydrolysis (transfer chemical groups to water)
Reaction of lyases
Form, add groups to double bonds
Reaction of isomerases
Transfer groups within molecules (form isomers)
Reaction of ligases
Formation of C bonded to C/S/O/N
What is the energy barrier?
Energy required to position chemical groups, bond rearrangements, transfer of electrons etc
What is the transition state?
The movement that chemical bonds are formed and broken
Energy barrier value
transition state - S (ground state)
Gibbs value
S (ground state) - P (ground state)
