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glossary > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

the study of tissues?

A

histology

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2
Q

what are the three shapes of the epithelium and what are their functions?

A 
shapes= columnar, cuboidal, and columnar
functions= absorption and secretion
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3
Q
  1. )connects epithelial cells to rest of the body

2. ) specialized top part

A
  1. ) basement membrane

2. ) apical surface

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4
Q

what are the functions of the different connective tissues?

A 
loose= separate skin and muscle; padding
dense= tendons and ligaments, muscle to bone, and bone to bone
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5
Q

what is the most common type of cartilage? does it have a blood supply?

A

hyaline cartilage; no blood supply

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6
Q

what type of membrane is skin?

A

cutaneous membrane

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7
Q

what are the three functions of the skin?

A

what are the three functions of the skin?

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8
Q

Can Lucy Grow Spanish Basil?

note: part of the epidermis

A 
Can= stratum corneum: tough, tightly packed dead cells.
Lucy= stratum lucidum
Grow= stratum granulosum
Spanish= stratum spinosum
Basil= stratum basale: base or bottom layer; cells grow and divide
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9
Q
  1. )a specialized cell in the deeper layers of the stratified squamous epithelium of the skin, responsible for the production of melanin.
  2. ) yellow-brown pigment produced by melanocytes
A
  1. )melanocytes

2. ) melanin

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10
Q

characteristics of:
1st degree burn
2nd degree burn
3rd degree burn

A 
1st = superficial burn; epidermis intact and function properly
2nd= partial-thickness burn; damage in dermis; most painful; blisters
3rd= full-thickness burn; both dermis and epidermis are destroyed; no pain; prone to infection
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11
Q
  1. ) the “oil glands”/ holocrine

2. ) the sudoriferous glands/ eccrine

A
  1. ) sebaceous gland

2. ) sweat gland

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12
Q

more _____ = darker skin

A

melanin

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13
Q

what are the functions of the skeletal system?

A
  • support
  • protection
  • storage
  • blood cell production
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14
Q

what are the 3 components of the AXIAL skeleton?

A
  • skull and associated bones
  • thoracic cage
  • vertebral column
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15
Q

what are the 4 steps of bone healing?

A
  1. ) hematoma (osteoblasts and clasts go to work)
  2. ) cartilaginous callus (fibrocartilage; fills gap in parts)
  3. ) bony callus (replaces fibrocartilage)
  4. ) bone remodeling (osteoclasts remove excess bone)
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16
Q

what are the 6 types of synovial joints?

A
  1. ) ball-and-socket
  2. ) condyloid (ellipsoid)
  3. ) gliding
  4. ) hinge
  5. ) pivot
  6. ) saddle
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17
Q

Describe;

  1. ) spongy bone
  2. ) compact bone
A
  1. ) trabeculae, diffusion, middle of diaphysis.

2. ) osteons, central canal blood, walls of diaphysis.

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18
Q

what are the three types of bones?

A
  1. )Long bones- examples: femur, humerus, ulna, radius, tibia, fibula, metacarpals
  2. )Short bones- examples: bones of the wrist
  3. )Flat bones- examples: sternum
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19
Q

what are the functions of the muscular system?

A
  • produce movement
  • produce heat
  • maintain body posture
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20
Q

what is responsible for a muscle contraction?

A

(Ach) neurotransmitter

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21
Q

what are the steps of muscle contraction?

A

ACh,calcium, troponin, tropomyosin, actin, myosin.

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22
Q

sarcolemma= ?
sarcoplasmic reticulum= ?
sarcoplasm= ?

A
  • cell membrane
  • membranous channels that store Ca++
  • cytoplasm
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23
Q

what role does adenosine triphosphate(ATP) and Creatine phosphate (CP) play?

A 
ATP= energy for muscle contraction; muscle relaxation
CP= stores energy that can be used to synthesize ATP
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24
Q

a given stimulus either triggers a typical action potential, or it does not produce one at all.

A

all-or-none response

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25
Q

what are the methods of naming muscles?

A
  • their shape
  • # of heads
  • location
  • attachment
  • size
  • orientation of muscle fibers
  • relative position of muscle
  • function
26
Q

Describe Epithelial tissue

A

forms sheets at surfaces and makes up coverings and linings at free surfaces

27
Q

mucous membranes

A

wet lining, in your body cavity

28
Q

serous membranes

A

wet lining, in your blood vessels, heart

29
Q

Epithelia are classified by what?

A

the number of layers present in the sheet —> simple or stratified and based upon shape of the cells in the sheet —> squamous, cuboidal, and columnar

30
Q

Epithelial

A

covers surfaces

31
Q

Simple Squamous Epithelium

A

single layer, flattened cells. found in linings of heart, air sacs of lungs

32
Q

Simple Cubodial Epithelium

A

single layer, cubelike cells. found in kidney tubules, ovary surface

33
Q

Simple Columnar Epithelium

A

single layer, tall cells, some have cilia. found in gallbladder, digestive tract

34
Q

How are the cells in epithelia nourished?

A

by diffusion from vessels in the underlying tissues

35
Q

fibroblasts

A

cells —> secrete other components

36
Q

connective tissue

A

scattered cells surrounded by gel containing fibers

37
Q

describe the gel matrix of the connective tissue

A

scaffolding, “jello”-like

38
Q

describe the fibers found in the gel matrix of connective tissue; further, identify the major fiber types

A

collagen - white, elastic fibers - yellow

39
Q

How can connective tissue be altered?

A

by changing the amount and types of gels and fibers present

40
Q

Describe the nature and general location of loose (areolar) connective tissue.

A

liquid gel, few fibers, is like glue that glues everything in the body together, keeps skin on you when cut open

41
Q

Is there C.T. in brain?

A

no

42
Q

Describe the nature of dense connective tissue and list some examples of its locations.

A

lots of fibers, gels are packed with fibers(mostly collagen), locations tendons and bones and muscle

43
Q

Cartilage

A

like bones but no minerals

44
Q

Bones Osseous tissue

A

gels are mineralized –> calcium phosphate, calcium etc.—> these minerals form salt crystals which make the gels hard. Bones have a lot of fibers.

45
Q

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

A

single layer, differing heights, nuclei seem at different levels. found in ducts of lg glands.

46
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium

A

several layers, flattened surface cells. found in esophagus, mouth, vagina.

47
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

stratified squamous + stratified cuboidal. found in ureters, bladder.

48
Q

Areolar connective tissue

A

cushions & protects. found in skin, surrounds blood vessels.

49
Q

Adipose connective tissue

A

insulation for body. found under skin, in abdomen.

50
Q

Dense regular connective tissue

A

found in tendons, ligaments.

51
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

found in ends of long bones, trachea.

52
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

found in external ear

53
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

found in intervertebral discs.

54
Q

WHAT IS CELLULARITY?

A

membrane similarity

55
Q

AVASCULAR?

A

no direct blood supply

56
Q

INTERSTITIAL FLUID

A

holds things together; diffusion

57
Q

3 TYPES OF FIBERS

A

collogen, elastic, reticular

58
Q

Fat tissue

A

Adipose

59
Q

Hemopoietic

A

a blood-like connective tissue

60
Q

Matrix

A

The intercellular substance of a tissue

glossary (9 decks)

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