Tissues Flashcards
the study of tissues?
histology
what are the three shapes of the epithelium and what are their functions?
shapes= columnar, cuboidal, and columnar functions= absorption and secretion
- )connects epithelial cells to rest of the body
2. ) specialized top part
- ) basement membrane
2. ) apical surface
what are the functions of the different connective tissues?
loose= separate skin and muscle; padding dense= tendons and ligaments, muscle to bone, and bone to bone
what is the most common type of cartilage? does it have a blood supply?
hyaline cartilage; no blood supply
what type of membrane is skin?
cutaneous membrane
what are the three functions of the skin?
what are the three functions of the skin?
Can Lucy Grow Spanish Basil?
note: part of the epidermis
Can= stratum corneum: tough, tightly packed dead cells. Lucy= stratum lucidum Grow= stratum granulosum Spanish= stratum spinosum Basil= stratum basale: base or bottom layer; cells grow and divide
- )a specialized cell in the deeper layers of the stratified squamous epithelium of the skin, responsible for the production of melanin.
- ) yellow-brown pigment produced by melanocytes
- )melanocytes
2. ) melanin
characteristics of:
1st degree burn
2nd degree burn
3rd degree burn
1st = superficial burn; epidermis intact and function properly 2nd= partial-thickness burn; damage in dermis; most painful; blisters 3rd= full-thickness burn; both dermis and epidermis are destroyed; no pain; prone to infection
- ) the “oil glands”/ holocrine
2. ) the sudoriferous glands/ eccrine
- ) sebaceous gland
2. ) sweat gland
more _____ = darker skin
melanin
what are the functions of the skeletal system?
- support
- protection
- storage
- blood cell production
what are the 3 components of the AXIAL skeleton?
- skull and associated bones
- thoracic cage
- vertebral column
what are the 4 steps of bone healing?
- ) hematoma (osteoblasts and clasts go to work)
- ) cartilaginous callus (fibrocartilage; fills gap in parts)
- ) bony callus (replaces fibrocartilage)
- ) bone remodeling (osteoclasts remove excess bone)
what are the 6 types of synovial joints?
- ) ball-and-socket
- ) condyloid (ellipsoid)
- ) gliding
- ) hinge
- ) pivot
- ) saddle
Describe;
- ) spongy bone
- ) compact bone
- ) trabeculae, diffusion, middle of diaphysis.
2. ) osteons, central canal blood, walls of diaphysis.
what are the three types of bones?
- )Long bones- examples: femur, humerus, ulna, radius, tibia, fibula, metacarpals
- )Short bones- examples: bones of the wrist
- )Flat bones- examples: sternum
what are the functions of the muscular system?
- produce movement
- produce heat
- maintain body posture
what is responsible for a muscle contraction?
(Ach) neurotransmitter
what are the steps of muscle contraction?
ACh,calcium, troponin, tropomyosin, actin, myosin.
sarcolemma= ?
sarcoplasmic reticulum= ?
sarcoplasm= ?
- cell membrane
- membranous channels that store Ca++
- cytoplasm
what role does adenosine triphosphate(ATP) and Creatine phosphate (CP) play?
ATP= energy for muscle contraction; muscle relaxation CP= stores energy that can be used to synthesize ATP
a given stimulus either triggers a typical action potential, or it does not produce one at all.
all-or-none response
what are the methods of naming muscles?
- their shape
- # of heads
- location
- attachment
- size
- orientation of muscle fibers
- relative position of muscle
- function
Describe Epithelial tissue
forms sheets at surfaces and makes up coverings and linings at free surfaces
mucous membranes
wet lining, in your body cavity
serous membranes
wet lining, in your blood vessels, heart
Epithelia are classified by what?
the number of layers present in the sheet —> simple or stratified and based upon shape of the cells in the sheet —> squamous, cuboidal, and columnar
Epithelial
covers surfaces
Simple Squamous Epithelium
single layer, flattened cells. found in linings of heart, air sacs of lungs
Simple Cubodial Epithelium
single layer, cubelike cells. found in kidney tubules, ovary surface
Simple Columnar Epithelium
single layer, tall cells, some have cilia. found in gallbladder, digestive tract
How are the cells in epithelia nourished?
by diffusion from vessels in the underlying tissues
fibroblasts
cells —> secrete other components
connective tissue
scattered cells surrounded by gel containing fibers
describe the gel matrix of the connective tissue
scaffolding, “jello”-like
describe the fibers found in the gel matrix of connective tissue; further, identify the major fiber types
collagen - white, elastic fibers - yellow
How can connective tissue be altered?
by changing the amount and types of gels and fibers present
Describe the nature and general location of loose (areolar) connective tissue.
liquid gel, few fibers, is like glue that glues everything in the body together, keeps skin on you when cut open
Is there C.T. in brain?
no
Describe the nature of dense connective tissue and list some examples of its locations.
lots of fibers, gels are packed with fibers(mostly collagen), locations tendons and bones and muscle
Cartilage
like bones but no minerals
Bones Osseous tissue
gels are mineralized –> calcium phosphate, calcium etc.—> these minerals form salt crystals which make the gels hard. Bones have a lot of fibers.
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
single layer, differing heights, nuclei seem at different levels. found in ducts of lg glands.
Stratified squamous epithelium
several layers, flattened surface cells. found in esophagus, mouth, vagina.
Transitional epithelium
stratified squamous + stratified cuboidal. found in ureters, bladder.
Areolar connective tissue
cushions & protects. found in skin, surrounds blood vessels.
Adipose connective tissue
insulation for body. found under skin, in abdomen.
Dense regular connective tissue
found in tendons, ligaments.
Hyaline cartilage
found in ends of long bones, trachea.
Elastic cartilage
found in external ear
Fibrocartilage
found in intervertebral discs.
WHAT IS CELLULARITY?
membrane similarity
AVASCULAR?
no direct blood supply
INTERSTITIAL FLUID
holds things together; diffusion
3 TYPES OF FIBERS
collogen, elastic, reticular
Fat tissue
Adipose
Hemopoietic
a blood-like connective tissue
Matrix
The intercellular substance of a tissue
