Pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

Acne

A

Propionibacterium acnes
Staphylococcus species
Malassezia species

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2
Q

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, Lou Gehrig’s disease, motor neuron disease

A

HTLV-1 (Human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1)
Human foamy virus (aka Human spuma retrovirus)
Mycoplasma fermentans
Echovirus 7

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3
Q

Arthritis (rheumatoid and other types)

A
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Mycoplasma arthritidis
Mycoplasma fermentans
Mycoplasma hominis
Mycoplasma penetrans
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4
Q

Arthritis (rheumatoid)

A

Mycoplasma species: arthritidis, fermentans, hominis, pneumoniae, penetrans
Epstein barr virus (aka Human herpesvirus 4)
Chlamydia trachomatis

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5
Q

Ascariasis (as-kuh-RIE-uh-sis) is a type of roundworm infection.

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

aka Ascaris suum or Ascaris lumbricoides suum

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6
Q

Aspergillosis

A

Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger (most common);
Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus clavatus
Aspergillus species

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7
Q

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also called benign enlargement of the prostate (BEP or BPE

A

Propionibacterium acnes

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8
Q

Black death

Bubonic plague

A

Yersinia pestis

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9
Q

Botulism

A

Clostridium botulinum

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10
Q

adult T-cell leukemia

A

Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)

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11
Q

anorectal - squamous cell carcinoma

A

Human papillomavirus type 16 HPV

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12
Q

B-cell lymphoma

A

Avian leukosis virus
Epstein barr virus
Simian virus 40

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13
Q

Cancer, bladder

A

Schistosoma haematobium

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14
Q

brain tumors (various types)

A

BK virus

Simian virus 40

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15
Q

Cancer, breast (1,2)

A

(1) Human/mouse mammary tumor virus
Avian erythroblastosis virus, with breast-relevant
(2) Simian virus 40
Human herpesvirus 5 (Cytomegalovirus)

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16
Q

Burkitt’s lymphoma

A

Epstein barr virus (Human herpesvirus 4)

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17
Q

colon / colorectal (1,2)

A
(1) JC virus
BK virus
Simian virus 40
Human papillomavirus, especially type 16
(2) Streptococcus gallolyticus (formerly called Streptococus bovis biotype 1)
Fusobacterium nucleatum
other Fusobacterium species
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18
Q

esophageal - squamous cell carcinoma

A

Human papillomavirus types 16 & 18

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19
Q

gastric MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) lymphoma

A

Helicobacter pylori

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20
Q

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

Epstein barr virus (human herpesvirus 4)

Human herpesvirus 6

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21
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma

A

Human herpesvirus 8

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22
Q

kidney (renal) / urinary tract Cancer

A

BK virus

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23
Q

liver (hepatocellular carcinoma)

A
Helicobacter pylori,
Helicobacter species
(possibly Helicobacter hepaticus)
Hepatitis C virus
Hepatitis B virus
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24
Q

Cancer, lung

A

Human papillomavirus types 16 & 18

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25
Q

Cancer, melanoma

A

Melanoma-associated endogenous retrovirus, similar to Human endogenous retrovirus K

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26
Q

non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

Epstein barr virus (Human herpesvirus 4)

Simian virus 40

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27
Q

osteosarcoma

A

Simian virus 40

28
Q

Cancer, prostate

A

Propionibacterium acnes
BK virus
Human papillomavirus (HPV), especially types 16 & 18
JC virus

29
Q

Candidiasis

A

Candida albicans
Candida parapsilosis
other Candida species

30
Q

Cat scratch fever

A

Bartonella henselae

31
Q

Cellulitis

A

Staphylococcus aureus
group A streptococci
other bacteria or fungi (less common)

32
Q

Chancroid

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

33
Q

Childbed fever (puerperal fever)

A
Streptococcus pyogenes (group A strep)
Streptococcus agalactiae (group B strep)
other bacteria
34
Q

Chlamydia (vaginal)

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

35
Q

Cholera

A

Vibrio cholerae

36
Q

Chronic fatigue syndrome

A

(Simian) Parainfluenza Virus 5

HTLV-2 (Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 2)

37
Q

Common Cold

A

Rhinoviruses, Adenoviruses, Coronaviruses,
Parainfluenza viruses, Respiratory syncytial virus,
Metapneumovirus, Bocavirus

38
Q

Condyloma acuminatum (genital warts)

A

Human papillomavirus types: 6, 11 (most common); type 2 (occasionally in children)
Also types 10, 30, 40-45, 51, 54

39
Q

COPD (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

A

These pathogens are secondary to other causes:
Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis
Streptococcus pneumoniae

40
Q

Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease

A

Spiroplasma mirum

Other Spiroplasma species

41
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis

aka Mycobacterium paratuberculosis

42
Q

Cryptococcosis

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

Cryptococcus gattii

43
Q

Cryptosporidiosis

A

Cryptosporidium species

C. hominis, C. parvum

44
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A

Major pathogens associated with this genetic disease:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Burkholderia cenocepacia (formerly, B. cepacia)
Burkholderia multivorans
Alcaligenes xylosoxidans
Klebsiella species
Staphylococcus aureus
Haemophilus influenzae
Mycobacteria species, non-tuberculous
Fungi: Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans

45
Q

Dandruff

A

Malassezia globosa

Malassezia restricta

46
Q

Diabetes, type 1

A

Coxsackievirus B, type 4

47
Q

Ear infection (otitis media)

A

Haemophilus influenzae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Moraxella (formerly, Branhamella) catarrhalis

48
Q

Echinococcosis, also called hydatid disease, hydatidosis, or echinococcal disease, is a parasitic disease of tapeworms of the Echinococcus type

A

Echinococcus multilocularis
(causes alveolar echinococcus, aka alveolar hydatid disease).
Echinococcus granulosus
(causes cystic echinococcus, aka hydatidosis).

49
Q

Ehrlichiosis is a tickborne[1] bacterial infection

A

Anaplasma phagocytophilum (which causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis, formerly known as human granulocytic ehrlichiosis). A. phagocytophilum is endemic to New England and the north central and Pacific regions of the United States.

50
Q

Endodontic infection is the infection of the dental root canal system and the major etiologic agent of apical periodontitis

A

Streptococcus species: S. mutans, S. gordonii, S. sanguinis (formerly sanguis)
Fusobacterium species: especially F. nucleatum
Porphyromonas species: P. gingivalis, P. endodontalis
Dialister species: D. invisus, D. pneumosintes
Olsenella species: O. uli
Peptostreptococcus species: P. stomatis, P. micros
Bacteroides species: B. forsythus
Treponema species: especially T. denticola
Enterococcus species: E. faecalis and E. faecium
Prevotella species: P. tannerae, P. melaninogenica, P. veroralis, P. nigrescens
Filifactor alocis
Campylobacter rectus
Capnocytophaga ochracea
Other numerous oral bacteria

51
Q

Eosinophilic meningitis

A

Angiostrongylus cantonensis

52
Q

Erysipelas (/ɛrɨˈsɪpələs/; Greek ἐρυσίπελας—red skin; also known as “Ignis sacer”, “holy fire”, and “St. Anthony’s fire”[1] in some countries) is an acute infection[2] typically with a skin rash, usually on any of the legs and toes, face, arms and fingers

A

Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci

other streptococcal bacteria

53
Q

Erythema infectiosum or fifth disease is one of several possible manifestations of infection by parvovirus B19.[1] The disease is also referred to as slapped cheek syndrome, slapcheek, slap face or slapped face

A

Human parvovirus B19

54
Q

Filariasis (or philariasis) is a parasitic disease caused by an infection with roundworms of the Filarioidea type.[1] These are spread by blood-feeding black flies and mosquitoes. This disease belongs to the group of diseases called helminthiasis.

A
Wuchereria bancrofti
Brugia malayi
Brugia timori
Onchocerca volvulus
Loa loa
Dirofilaria species
55
Q

Flesh-eating bacteria (aka necrotizing fasciitis)

A

Streptococcus pyogenes (group A strep)
Vibrio vulnificus
Staphylococcus aureus

56
Q

Food poisoning

A
Campylobacter jejuni
Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium perfringens
Salmonella typhimurium (aka S. enterica serovar typhimurium)
Staphylococcus species
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Vibrio vulnificus
57
Q

Gastroenteritis, acute viral

A

Caliciviruses: Norovirus, Norwalk virus
Rotavirus (especially in infants)
Astrovirus

58
Q

Genital herpes

A

Human herpesvirus 2 (aka Herpes simplex 2)

occasionally, Human herpesvirus 1

59
Q

Genital warts

A

Human papillomavirus; most common types: 6, 11

60
Q

German measles (aka Rubella, 3-day measles)

A

Rubella virus

61
Q

Glanders

A

Burkolderia mallei

62
Q

Glaucoma

A

Helicobacter pylori

63
Q

Gonorrhea

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

64
Q

Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib) disease

A

Haemophilus influenzae type b

formerly, Pfeiffer’s bacillus

65
Q

Hand-foot-and-mouth disease

A

Coxsackie virus A16 or Enterovirus 71 (most common)
Less frequently:
Coxsackieviruses A4, A5, A6, A7, A9, A10, B1, B2, B3, B5