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glossary > Human Organs And Hormones > Flashcards

Human Organs And Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Receptor

A

Structure specialized to detect a stimulus

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2
Q

Receptor Potential

A

Local Potential in a receptor cell from a stimulus

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3
Q

Receptors Properties Transmit 4 Types

A

Modality (vision , taste, pain)… Location… Intensity.. duration

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4
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Respond to chemicals

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5
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

Heat and cold

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6
Q

Mechano receptors

A

respond to physical deformation

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7
Q

Photoreceptors

A

respond to light

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8
Q

interoceptors

A

detect stimuli in internal organs

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9
Q

Proprioceptors

A

Sense position and movement of body or its parts (muscles, tendons, and joints)

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10
Q

Exteroceptors

A

sense external stimuli (vision, touch)

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11
Q

General Senses

A

receptors are widely distributed

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12
Q

Special Senses

A

Receptors are limited to the head

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13
Q

Unecapsulated Nerve Endings

A

Dendrites aren’t wrapped in connective tissue

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14
Q

Olfactory Mucosa

A

Patch of epithelium in roof of the nasal cavity with olfactory cells

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15
Q

Auricle (pinna)

A

Funnel to catch sound waves

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16
Q

Auditory Canal

A

Tunnel to eardrum

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17
Q

Typanic membrane

A

Eardrum vibrates in response to sound

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18
Q

Auditory (Eustachian) tube

A

Equalizes pressure

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19
Q

Type A nociceptors

A

Fast pain, sharp, localized pain at time of injury

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20
Q

Type C nociceptros

A

slow pain, dull, diffuse, longer lasting

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21
Q

Endogenous Opioids

A

Endorphins, enkaphalins, and dynorphins

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22
Q

Hydrophilic molecules

A

diffuse through mucus

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23
Q

Hydrophobic molecules

A

must be transported by a protein

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24
Q

Static Equilibrium

A

Perception of the orientation of the head when body is

stationary

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25
Q

Dynamic equilibrium

A

Perception of motion or acceleration

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26
Q

Vestibule

A

Contains organs of equilibrium

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27
Q

Endocrine gland

A

Secrete Hormones

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28
Q

Endocrine cells

A

cells in organs that secrete hormones

29
Q

Neuroendocrine cells

A

Neurons that release their secretions into the blood

30
Q

Target cells

A

cells that have receptors for a hormone

31
Q

Hypothalamus regulates

A

regulates the release of hormones from the pituitary gland

32
Q

Hypothalmus Produces

A

9 hormones; 7 anterior and 2 posterior

33
Q

Serotonin

A

(day) mood

34
Q

Melatonin

A

(night) mood

35
Q

Thymosin

A

regulates development and activation of T lymphocytes

36
Q

Thymopoietin

A

Regulates development and activation of T lymphocytes

37
Q

Triiodothyronine (T3)

A

follicles increases metabolic rate

38
Q

Thyroxine (T4)

A

follicles increases metabolic rate

39
Q

calcitonin

A

parafoillicular cells lowers blood calcium levels and stimulates bone deposition

40
Q

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A

increases blood calcium levels

41
Q

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

supplement effects of sympathetic nervous system

42
Q

Mineralcoritcoids

A

control electrolyte balance

43
Q

Aldosterone

A

Promotes Na+ retention and K+ excretion

44
Q

Cortisol

A

stimulates fat and protein catabolism

45
Q

sex sterioids

A

weak androgens and estrogens

46
Q

Dehydroeppiandrosterone (DHEA)

A

Other tissues convert it to testosterone

47
Q

insulin (beta cells)

A

stimulates uptake of glucose and amino acids by cells and synthesis of glycogen, proteins,…

48
Q

Glucagon (alpha cells)

A

in the liver it stimulates gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis and release of glucose into the…

49
Q

Estradiol

A

reproductive development

50
Q

Progesterone

A

regulates menstrual cycle and pregancy

51
Q

Inhibin

A

inhibits secretion of FSH

52
Q

Steroid Hormone

A

hydrophobic, derived from cholestoral

53
Q

Peptides Oligopeptides

A

3-10 a.a.

54
Q

Peptides Polypeptides

A

14-199 a.a.

55
Q

Hydrophobic hormone

A

must bind to hydrophilic transport proteins to travel into the blood

56
Q

Thyroid Hormones

A

dissociate from transport protein, diffuse into cell, t4 is converted to t3

57
Q

Ribosomes

A

Increase rate or protein synthesis

58
Q

Synergistic effects

A

2 hormones work together to produce an efffect

59
Q

Permissive effects

A

one hormone enhances a target cells response to another

60
Q

Antagonistic effects

A

one hormone opposes the action of another

61
Q

Acromegaly

A

hypersecretion of GH causes thickening of bones and soft tissues

62
Q

Pituitary Dwarfisme

A

hyposecretion of GH

63
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

hyposecretion of ADH

64
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

low metabolic rate, sluggishness, weight gain

65
Q

Endemic goiter

A

swelling of thyroid from iodine deficency

66
Q

Toxic goiter (graves disease)

A

antibodies mimic TSH causing hypersecretion of thyroid hormones

67
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

rapid decline in blood calcium leading to tetany

68
Q

Hyperparathyroidism

A

bones become soft and fragile

glossary (9 decks)

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