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Med Careers > Tissues-2 > Flashcards

Tissues-2 Flashcards

1
Q

connective tissue characteristics

A

-most common tissue
-more matrix than cells
-fibers running through the matrix
-job is to hold things together and provide structure and support
-vascularity varies with different types
-cells are named by the tissue they make

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2
Q

collagen fibers

A

these are one of the strongest proteins the body makes. It is formed(protein synthesis) by the cell. Vitamin C and the mineral copper are needed to form strong collagen fibers(also known as white fibers)

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3
Q

reticular fibers

A

these are the tiny versions of collagen fibers; they look like spider webs and are found throughout the body anchoring other tissues to one another

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4
Q

elastic fibers

A

these fibers can do what collagen cannot do… which is return to their original position once they have been pulled or stretched. these fibers are known as yellow fibers

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5
Q

vascularity

A

-remember the more concentrated the matrix is with fibers, the less room there is for blood vessels
-with less blood vessels we usually see slower healing time

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6
Q

vascularity: loose connective tissue

A

very vascular

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7
Q

vascularity: dense connective tissue

A

less vascular

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8
Q

vascularity: cartilage

A

non-vascular

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9
Q

vascularity: osseous

A

very vascular

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10
Q

vascularity: hemo

A

very vascular

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11
Q

cell types prefixes

A

tells you the tissue it belongs to

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12
Q

cell types prefixes: fibro-

A

connective tissue proper

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13
Q

cell types prefixes: chondro-

A

cartilage

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14
Q

cell types prefixes: osseous-

A

bone

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15
Q

cell types prefixes: hemo-

A

blood

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16
Q

cell types suffixes

A

tells you the cell’s function in the tissue

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17
Q

cell types suffixes: -blast

A

builder(makes or forms the tissue)

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18
Q

cell types suffixes: -cyte

A

regular cell(make up and maintain the tissue)

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19
Q

cell types suffixes: -clast

A

break down the tissue

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20
Q

connective tissue proper list

A

loose areolar, adipose, loose reticular, dense irregular, dense regular, dense elastic

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21
Q

loose areolar connective tissue

A

-lots of space for blood vessels
-lots of matrix(space between cells)
-matrix can be used to take in extra fluids(edema) and act as a cushion for the tissue sitting on top of it
-usually found under the skin due to its high nutrient content and vascularity(this is what oozes plasma in a 3rd degree burn)

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22
Q

fibroblast

A

these cells are creating the tissue

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23
Q

(b)collagen fibers

A

thick white fibers that are very strong and are made by the fibroblasts through protein synthesis

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24
Q

capillary

A

the more room in the matrix, the more blood vessels(BVs) will be found

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25
Q

mast cell

A

type of WBC commonly found in connective tissue; releases either histamine or heparin(anti-coagulant)

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26
Q

white blood cell

A

usually either a neutrophil(foot solider) or monocyte(large microphage that helps fight long term infection and clean up messes)

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27
Q

(f) reticular fiber

A

small collagen fibers secreted by fibroblasts

28
Q

matrix or interstitial fluid

A

fluid filled space between the cells and fibers

29
Q

adipose connective tissue

A

-note the large vacuole(this stores triglycerides)
-tissue is a rule breaker and is cellular
-very vascular(every pound of fat has up to a mile of blood vessels which is why too much liposuction at once is dangerous)

30
Q

loose reticular connective tissue

A

-note all of the WBCs
-makes up much of the lymph tissue and non-hollow organs like spleen and liver
-must be very vascular and have lots of WBCs to filter the plasma and return it to vena cava as part of lymph system

31
Q

dense irregular connective tissue

A

-note how packed this is with fibers-not much room for blood vessels(low vascularity=slow healing)
-note how it goes in all directions=strength in all directions
-makes up coverings like periosteum, perichondrium, perimysium

32
Q

dense regular connection tissue

A

-little room for blood vessels
-fibers run in same direction=strong in only one direction
-makes up tendons, ligaments, and fibrous membranes

33
Q

dense elastic connective tissue

A

-yellow, elastic fibers which allow the tissue to return to normal shape after being stretched(dense regular and irregular don’t which is why they tear or sprain)
-found under transitional epithelium, walls of blood vessels, and elastic ligaments around vertebrae

34
Q

cartilage connective tissue characteristics

A

-the matrix is formed from proteoglycans
-avascular
-chondrocytes(cells) live in lacunae(little swimming pools) because of the firm matrix
-no room for nerves(if painful it usually comes from pressure of tears in surrounding areas)
-perichondrium(a diff. CT) surrounds it

35
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

-note the back to back lacunae
-this cartilage is white(lots of collagen fibers)
-it is the toughest cartilage there is
-wear and tear tissue between articulating surfaces(joints), nose, trachea, bronchiole tubes, and connecting ribs to sternum

36
Q

fibrocartilage

A

-note how the fiber and lacunae/cells are in alternating rows
-absorbs compressing forces like a spring
-found in your meniscus, pubic symphysis, and intervertebral discs

37
Q

elastic cartilage

A

-note all of the elastic fibers(yellow)
-this tissue is strong like hyaline, but can return to its original shape after extreme bending
-found in external ears, epiglottis

38
Q

osseous connective tissue(bones) characteristics

A

-the gel like matrix seen in cartilage has calcium added to it causing it to harden
-2 types: spongy and compact
-very vascular
-large nerve supply
-matrix has a large amount of collagen fibers for strength(giving bone its white color)
-osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts are cell types

39
Q

bone tissue

A

bone cells, called osteocytes, lie within lacunae and are arranged in concentric circles

40
Q

bone labeling: lamella

A

ring of cells

41
Q

bone labeling: osteocyte

A

bone cell

42
Q

bone labeling: lacunae

A

little lake where cells live

43
Q

bone labeling: canaliculi

A

tiny canals that carry nutrients from one lacunae to another

44
Q

bone labeling: haversian canal

A

carries blood vessels and nerves to the group of lamella belonging to that group(this group is also known as an Osteon or Haversian system)

45
Q

bone labeling: volkmann’s canal

A

travels at right angles connecting osteons, periosteum, and medullary cavity

46
Q

bone fracture types: simple

A

a complete break in the bones

47
Q

bone fracture types: compound

A

complete break with one of the broken ends tearing through the tissue above

48
Q

bone fracture types: comminuted

A

complete break where the bone is in pieces

49
Q

bone fracture types: impact

A

when two bones are forced to collide at the joint area

50
Q

bone fracture types: spiral

A

can be complete or incomplete, bone twists into a break

51
Q

bone fracture types: greenstick

A

bone splinters but doesn’t break into two

52
Q

healing of fractures: step one

A

reduction- the first step is aligning the bones so they heal straight(keep in mind healing happens with or without reduction, and sometimes required med professions to go in and rebreak the bone to realign it to heal properly)
-two types: open & closed

53
Q

open reduction

A

surgical(plates, screws, etc.)

54
Q

closed reduction

A

no surgery, set in place by med professionals

55
Q

healing of fractures: step 2

A

hematoma- this is the clotting process that stops your very vascular broken bone from bleeding

56
Q

healing of fractures: step 3

A

fibrocartilage callus formation- the break will be bridged with fibrocartilage to stabilize the broken ends and set up ossification of the break

57
Q

healing of fractures: ossification

A

cartilage is turned to bone and it considered healed(typically 6 weeks)

58
Q

healing of fractures: step 5

A

remodeling- the bone will keep a denser matrix where the break occurred given extra strength to the area; this can continue for several weeks after it is considered “healed”

59
Q

blood characteristics

A

-matrix is a fluid known as plasma
-fibers are used for blood clotting(stay inactive form and do not become visible until activated)
-cells are made by hemocytoblasts in the red bone marrow
-3 main types: erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes

60
Q

red blood cells

A

erythrocytes

61
Q

white blood cells

A

leukocytes

62
Q

platelets

A

thrombocytes

63
Q

basophil

A

-travel to invader
-release histamine or heparin
-mast cell when in tissue

64
Q

eosinophil

A

-fights parasites
-large allergy responses: asthma, hay fever, hives

65
Q

neutrophil

A

-foot soliders
-most common(75%)
-release like a hydrogen peroxide-> pus

66
Q

monocyte

A

-macrophages
-janitors/clean up eat things

67
Q

lymphocyte

A

-“smart”
-remember things
-T cells

Med Careers (7 decks)

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