Circulatory System

Question 1

layers of the heart

Answer 1

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

Question 2

superior vena cava

Answer 2

-means “great vein”
-brings blood from upper body to right atrium

Question 3

inferior vena cava

Answer 3

-brings blood from lower body to right atrium

Question 4

right atrium

Answer 4

-receives deoxygenated blood from the vena cavas

Question 5

tricuspid valve

Answer 5

-one way valve that allows blood to move from right atrium to right ventricle
-has 3 tendons called chordae tendineae anchored to the papillary muscles

Question 6

right ventricle

Answer 6

pumps blood through the pulmonary semi-lunar valves and into pulmonary trunk which separates into two pulmonary arteries

Question 7

pulmonary semi-lunar valve

Answer 7

-pulmonary=lungs
-semi-lunar=half moon leaflets
-named after pulmonary artery

Question 8

pulmonary artery

Answer 8

-blood is going away from the heart to the lungs
-artery always away

Question 9

pulmonary veins

Answer 9

-carry oxygenated blood from lungs to heart
-2 from left lung, 2 from right lung

Question 10

left atrium

Answer 10

receives blood from pulmonary veins

Question 11

bicuspid valve(mitral valve)

Answer 11

built like the tricuspid but with only 2 leaflets

Question 12

left ventricle

Answer 12

-pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body
-strongest part of the heart

Question 13

aortic semi-lunar valve

Answer 13

-built like pulmonary semi-lunar valve
-name given because it is located in the aorta

Question 14

aortic arch

Answer 14

-largest artery in the body
-carries blood to the rest of the body
-descending aorta drops down behind
-(aorta about the size of your thumb)

Question 15

brachiocephalic artery

Answer 15

-branches into the right subclavian and right common carotid
-feeds right arm and right face/brain

Question 16

common carotid artery

Answer 16

feeds left side of face and brain

Question 17

left subclavian artery

Answer 17

feeds left arm

Question 18

right coronary artery

Answer 18

-branches off the base of the aorta and feeds entire right side of the heart
-continues around to posterior

Question 19

marginal artery

Answer 19

some people have a branch off of the right coronary artery known as the marginal artery

Question 20

left coronary artery

Answer 20

-in medicine we call this the “left main”
-supplies left ventricle so if it becomes blocked we lose blood to the whole body
-“widowmaker”

Question 21

left anterior descending

Answer 21

when blood comes off of the left main it will split- this one travels down front of heart

Question 22

circumflex

Answer 22

-this is the other branch off of the left main
-continues around left side of heart to the posterior before branching

Question 23

blood pressure formula

Answer 23

systolic/diastolic

Question 24

systolic pressure

Answer 24

pressure as it leaves the heart

Question 25

diastolic pressure

Answer 25

pressure as it’s coasting

Question 26

cardiac output

Answer 26

aka systolic pressure; how much blood sent to the body per minute

Question 27

CO=

Answer 27

HR(heart rate) x SV(stroke volume)

Question 28

decrease stroke volume results in

Answer 28

increased heart rate and decreased cardiac output

Question 29

diastolic pressure increases when

Answer 29

vasoconstriction occurs

Question 30

normal heart rate

Answer 30

60 to 80 bpm

Question 31

bradycardia

Answer 31

less than 60 bpm

Question 32

tachycardia

Answer 32

>100 bpm

Question 33

partial AV block

Answer 33

3 p-waves, qrs, t wave, 2 p-waves; fix with pacemaker

Question 34

ectopic pacemaker

Answer 34

just t-waves and qrs; fix with pacemaker

Question 35

p-wave

Answer 35

sinoatrial node -> atrial ventricular node; atriums contract; depolarization occurs

Question 36

QRS

Answer 36

atrial ventricular node to bundle of his to perkinje; ventricles contract; atriums relax

Question 37

T wave

Answer 37

ventricles relax and are repolarized

Question 38

epicardium

Answer 38

-visceral layer of pericardial sac -reduces friction -made up of simple squamous

Question 39

myocardium

Answer 39

-cardiac muscle

Question 40

endocardium

Answer 40

-inside the heart chambers -(endothelium is lining of BVs coming into heart) -made of simple squamous because it needs to be slick