Circulatory System Flashcards
layers of the heart
epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
superior vena cava
-means “great vein”
-brings blood from upper body to right atrium
inferior vena cava
-brings blood from lower body to right atrium
right atrium
-receives deoxygenated blood from the vena cavas
tricuspid valve
-one way valve that allows blood to move from right atrium to right ventricle
-has 3 tendons called chordae tendineae anchored to the papillary muscles
right ventricle
pumps blood through the pulmonary semi-lunar valves and into pulmonary trunk which separates into two pulmonary arteries
pulmonary semi-lunar valve
-pulmonary=lungs
-semi-lunar=half moon leaflets
-named after pulmonary artery
pulmonary artery
-blood is going away from the heart to the lungs
-artery always away
pulmonary veins
-carry oxygenated blood from lungs to heart
-2 from left lung, 2 from right lung
left atrium
receives blood from pulmonary veins
bicuspid valve(mitral valve)
built like the tricuspid but with only 2 leaflets
left ventricle
-pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body
-strongest part of the heart
aortic semi-lunar valve
-built like pulmonary semi-lunar valve
-name given because it is located in the aorta
aortic arch
-largest artery in the body
-carries blood to the rest of the body
-descending aorta drops down behind
-(aorta about the size of your thumb)
brachiocephalic artery
-branches into the right subclavian and right common carotid
-feeds right arm and right face/brain
common carotid artery
feeds left side of face and brain
left subclavian artery
feeds left arm
right coronary artery
-branches off the base of the aorta and feeds entire right side of the heart
-continues around to posterior
marginal artery
some people have a branch off of the right coronary artery known as the marginal artery
left coronary artery
-in medicine we call this the “left main”
-supplies left ventricle so if it becomes blocked we lose blood to the whole body
-“widowmaker”
left anterior descending
when blood comes off of the left main it will split- this one travels down front of heart
circumflex
-this is the other branch off of the left main
-continues around left side of heart to the posterior before branching
blood pressure formula
systolic/diastolic
systolic pressure
pressure as it leaves the heart
diastolic pressure
pressure as it’s coasting
cardiac output
aka systolic pressure; how much blood sent to the body per minute
CO=
HR(heart rate) x SV(stroke volume)
decrease stroke volume results in
increased heart rate and decreased cardiac output
diastolic pressure increases when
vasoconstriction occurs
normal heart rate
60 to 80 bpm
bradycardia
less than 60 bpm
tachycardia
> 100 bpm
partial AV block
3 p-waves, qrs, t wave, 2 p-waves; fix with pacemaker
ectopic pacemaker
just t-waves and qrs; fix with pacemaker
p-wave
sinoatrial node -> atrial ventricular node; atriums contract; depolarization occurs
QRS
atrial ventricular node to bundle of his to perkinje; ventricles contract; atriums relax
T wave
ventricles relax and are repolarized
epicardium
-visceral layer of pericardial sac
-reduces friction
-made up of simple squamous
myocardium
-cardiac muscle
endocardium
-inside the heart chambers
-(endothelium is lining of BVs coming into heart)
-made of simple squamous because it needs to be slick
