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Anatomy and Physiology Year 1 > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different types of epithelial tissue?

A

Simple squamous
Simple cuboidal
Simple columnar
Stratified squamous
Stratified cuboidal
Stratified columnar
Psuedostratified columnar
Transitional

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1
Q

What are epithelial tissues?

A

Layers of tissue that form linings, membranes and glands

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2
Q

What is a simple squamous epithelial tissue?

A

Flat and wide with only 1 layer
e.g. alveoli - simple diffusion
Allows communication through the cell and create smooth flat surfaces to reduce friction

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2
Q

What is simple cuboidal tissues?

A

Cube shaped
Found in glands and ducts for secretion

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3
Q

What is a simple columnar tissue?

A

Taller than wide
e.g. lining of the stomach
Function = protection, secretion, absorption, allow metabolic processes to occur

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4
Q

What is a stratified squamous tissue?

A

Layers of stem cells on the basement membrane so cells can be constantly replaced e.g. the skin
Provides physical, protection from abrasion and pathogens

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5
Q

What is a stratified cuboidal tissue?

A

Rare - ducts
More protection, secretion
e.g. sweat gland duct

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6
Q

What is a stratified columnar tissue?

A

e.g. a small area of the pharynx
Multiple layers for protection

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7
Q

What is a pseudostratified columnar tissue?

A

A single layer of cells but with nuclei at different heights e.g. lining of nasal cavity and bronchi
Function - protection, secretion, move mucus with cilia

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8
Q

What is a transitional epithelial?

A

E.g. urinary bladder
Stratified
Permits expansion and recoil after stretching

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9
Q

What do all epithelial cells contain?

A

Basal surface
Basement membrane - helps continuous sheet of cells
Junctions between cells - can adhere together
Apical surface - may be an open surface

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10
Q

What are microvilli?

A

Small fingerlike projections that increase surface area

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11
Q

What are cilia?

A

Long, hair like projections to move substances along

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12
Q

How do we classify exocrine glands?

A

Shape - tubular, coiled, branched, alveolar
Number ducts - either simple (1) or compound (many)

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13
Q

What are the 3 methods of gland secretion?

A

Merocrine
Apocrine
Holocrine

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14
Q

What is merocrine secretion?

A

Golgi apparatus packages
Produces vesicles which are released
e.g. sweat

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15
Q

What is apocrine secretion?

A

A portion of the cytoplasm is shed e.g. mammary gland during lactation

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16
Q

What is holocrine secretion?

A

Cell division replaces lost cells
Produces secretion increasing in size
Cells burst releasing secretion
e.g. sebaceous

17
Q

What do all connective tissues contain?

A

Cells e.g. fibroblasts, adipocytes, wbc
Fibres e.g. collagen, reticular, elastic
Ground substances e.g. fluid, gel

18
Q

How do connective tissues form?

A

From mesenchymal stem cells within the embryo

19
Q

What is adipose tissue?

A

Fat
Found under the skin, around the organs and in the breasts
Function - stores of energy, padding and cushioning, insulation

20
Q

What is reticular tissue?

A

Found in the liver, kidney
Supporting framework to keep things in the correct place

21
Q

What are the loose connective tissues?

A

Adipose
Reticular
Areolar tissue

22
Q

What are the dense connective tissues?

A

Regular
Irregular
Elastic

23
Q

What is regular connective tissue?

A

Collagen lined up in one direction
e.g. tendons and ligaments
Provides firm attachment, conducts pull of muscles, stabilises bones

24
Q

What is irregular tissue?

A

Large bundles of collagen e.g. capsules around organs, dermis
Function - Provides strength to resist forces, prevents over expansion

25
Q

What is elastic tissue?

A

Elastic fibres in parallel
e.g. ligaments in the vertebral column and blood vessel walls
Function - stabilising, cushioning, permits expansion and contraction

26
Q

What are the different types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage

27
Q

What is hyaline cartilage?

A

Between tips of ribs and bones of sternum
Have chondrocytes and lacunae
Function - provides stiff but flexible support, reduces friction

28
Q

What is elastic cartilage?

A

Contains chondrocytes and lacunae and elastic fibres
e.g. epiglotis, auricle of ear
Function - provides support, tolerates distortion

29
Q

What is fibrocartilage?

A

e.g. pads within the knee or invertebral discs
Function - resist compression, limits movement

30
Q

What is a lacunae?

A

The cavity where the cell sits

31
Q

What are the tissue membranes?

A

Mucous membrane
Serous membrane
Cutaneous membrane
Synovial membrane

32
Q

What is the mucous membrane?

A

Secretions of muscous glands e.g. respiratory tract - trap pathogens, move mucus

33
Q

What is the serous membrane?

A

Line the ventral cavities/ organs
Simple squamous cells, transudate (fluid) - areolar tissue

34
Q

What is the cutaneous membrane?

A

Skin
Stratified squamous tissue, areolar tissue, dense irregular connective tissue

35
Q

What is the synovial membrane?

A

Line joint cavities - synovial fluid for the joint

36
Q

What is the superficial fasciae?

A

Between skin and organs - areolar tissue/ adipose

37
Q

What is the deep fascia?

A

Strong, fibrous - dense connective tissue

38
Q

What is the subserous fascia?

A

Between serous and deep fascia - areolar tissue

39
Q

What is skeletal muscle?

A

Striated appearance, attached to bone
Under voluntary control - motor neuron, multinucleated, large cells

40
Q

What is cardiac muscle?

A

Walls of the heart
Cells connected to each other by intercalated discs allowing transmission of electrical current
Involuntary control - vagus nerve, smaller cells, controlled by pacemaker cells

41
Q

What is smooth muscle?

A

Blood vessels, gut
Smaller spindle shaped cells
Involuntary control - pacesetter cells, controlled by hormonal control

42
Q

How do neuroglia support neural tissue?

A

Maintain structure, repair tissues, phagocytosis, nutrients to neurons

Anatomy and Physiology Year 1 (9 decks)

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