Tissues Flashcards
1
Q
They are specialized for particular functions.
A
Cells
2
Q
Groups of cells with similar structure and function.
A
Tissue
3
Q
Four primary types of tissues:
A
- Epithelium tissue
- Connective tissue
- Nervous tissue
- Muscle tissue
4
Q
Epithelial tissues are found in:
A
Body coverings
Body linings
Glandular tissue
5
Q
The functions of epithelial tissues are:
A
Protection
Absorption
Filtration
Secretion
6
Q
Characteristics of epithelium tissues:
A
- Cells fit closely together
- Tissue layer always has one free surface
- Lower surface is bound by a basement membrane
- Avascular (no blood supply)
- Regenerate easily
7
Q
Classification of epithelial tissues (number of cell layers):
A
Simple
Stratified
8
Q
One layer
A
Simple
9
Q
More than one layer
A
Stratified
10
Q
Classification of epithelial tissues (shape of cells):
A
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
11
Q
Flattened
A
Squamous
12
Q
Cube-shaped
A
Cuboidal
13
Q
Column-like
A
Columnar
14
Q
Simple squamous characteristics:
A
- Single layer of flat cells
- Usually forms membranes
- Lines body cavities
- Lines lungs and capillaries
15
Q
Simple cuboidal characteristics:
A
- Single layer of cube-like cells
- Common in glands and their ducts
- Forms walls of kidney tubules
- Covers the ovaries
16
Q
Simple columnar characteristics:
A
- Single layer of tall cells
- Includes goblet cells
- Lines digestive tract
17
Q
Pseudostratified characteristics:
A
- Single layer, but some cells are shorter than others
- Often looks like a double-cell layer
- Sometimes ciliated
- Function in absorption or secretion
18
Q
Stratified squamous characteristics:
A
- Cells at the free edge are flattened
- Found as a protective covering where friction is common
- Located at the skin, mouth, and esophagus
19
Q
Two layers of cuboidal cells.
A
Stratified cuboidal
20
Q
Surface cells are columnar, cells underneath vary in size and shape.
A
Stratified columnar
21
Q
They are rare in the human body and are mainly found in the ducts of large glands.
A
Stratified cuboidal and columnar
22
Q
The shape of its cells depends upon the amount of stretching.
A
Transitional epithelium
23
Q
It lines the organs of the urinary system.
A
Transitional epithelium
24
Q
One or more cells that secrete a particular product.
A
Gland
25
The two major gland types are:
1. Endocrine gland
2. Exocrine gland
26
It is ductless and its secretion is hormones.
Endocrine gland
27
It is empty through ducts to the epithelial surface. It includes sweat and oil glands.
Exocrine gland
28
It is found everywhere in the body. It includes the most abundant and widely distributed tissues.
Connective tissue
29
Functions of connective tissue:
- Binds body tissues together
- Supports the body
- Provides protection
30
Connective tissue characteristics:
Variation in blood supply:
- Some tissue types are well vascularized
- Some are avascular
Extracellular matrix:
- Non-living material surrounding living cells.
31
Two main elements of the extracellular matrix:
1. Ground substance - water with adhesion proteins and polysaccharide molecules
2. Fibers - produced by the cells
32
The three types of fibers are:
1. Collagen fibers
2. Elastic fibers
3. Reticular fibers
33
The nine types of connective tissue are:
1. Bone (osseous tissue)
2. Hyaline cartilage
3. Elastic cartilage
4. Fibrocartilage
5. Dense connective tissue
6. Areolar connective tissue
7. Adipose tissue
8. Reticular connective tissue
9. Blood
34
Bone tissue is composed of:
- Bone cells in lacunae (cavities)
- Hard matrix of calcium salts
- Large numbers of collagen fibers
35
It is used to protect and support the body.
Bone tissue/Osseous tissue
36
It is the most common cartilage.
Hyaline cartilage
37
Hyaline cartilage is composed of:
- Abundant collagen fibers
- Rubbery matrix
38
The entire ___________ is cartilage.
fetal skeleton
39
It provides elasticity and supports the external ear.
Elastic cartilage
40
It is highly compressible and forms cushion-like discs between the vertebrae.
Fibrocartilage
41
Its main matrix element is collagen fibers.
Dense connective tissue
42
Its cells are fibroblasts.
Dense connective tissue
43
Examples of dense connective tissue:
Ligaments - bone to bone
Tendon - muscle to bone
44
Areolar connective tissue characteristics:
- Most widely distributed connective tissue
- Soft, pliable tissue
- Contains soak up excess fluid
45
Its matrix is an areolar tissue in which fat globules predominate.
Adipose tissue
46
Many of its cells contain large lipid deposits.
Adipose tissue
47
Adipose tissue functions:
- Insulates the body
- Protects organs
- Site of fuel storage
48
Reticular connective tissue characteristics:
- Delicate network of interwoven fibers
- Forms stroma of lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow)
49
Blood characteristics:
- Blood cells are surrounded by a fluid matrix
- Fibers are visible during clotting
- Transport vehicle for materials
50
Its function is to produce movement.
Muscle tissue
51
The three types of muscle tissue are:
1. Skeletal muscle
2. Cardiac muscle
3. Smooth muscle
52
Skeletal muscle characteristics:
- Controlled voluntarily
- Cells attach to a connective tissue
- Cells are striated
- Cells have more than one nucleus
53
Cardiac muscle characteristics:
- Found only in the heart
- Pumps blood (involuntarily)
- Cells attached to other cardiac muscle cells at intercalated disks
- Cells are striated
- One nucleus per cell
54
Smooth muscle characteristics:
- Involuntary muscle
- Surrounds hollow organs
- Attached to other smooth muscle cells
- No visible striations
- One nucleus per cell
55
Nervous tissue characteristics:
- Neurons and nerve support cells
- Send impulses to other areas of the body:
Irritability and Conductivity
56
The events in tissue are:
1. Capillaries become very permeable
- Introduce clotting proteins
- Wall off injured area
2. Formation of granulation tissue
3. Regeneration of surface epithelium
57
Tissues that regenerate easily:
Epithelial tissue
Fibrous connective tissue
Bone tissue
58
Tissue that regenerates poorly:
Skeletal muscle
59
Tissues that are replaced largely with scar tissue:
Cardiac muscle
Nervous tissue (within the brain and spinal cord)
60
The developmental aspects of tissue are:
- Epithelial tissue arises from all three primary germ layers.
- Muscle and connective tissue arise from the mesoderm.
- Nervous tissue arises from the ectoderm.
- With old age, there is a decrease in mass and viability in most tissues.
