Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

It is the study of the structure, or
physical form, of the body.

Answer 1

Anatomy

Question 2

Structure determines _______.

Answer 2

function

Question 3

It is the study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationships to one another.

Answer 3

Anatomy

Question 4

It is the study of large, easily observable structures.

Answer 4

Gross anatomy

Question 5

Etymology of the word anatomy.

Answer 5

cut (tomy) apart (ana)

Question 6

It is the study of body structures that are too small to be seen with the naked eye.

Answer 6

Microscopic anatomy

Question 7

It is the study of how the
body and its parts work or function

Answer 7

Physiology

Question 8

Etymology of the word physiology.

Answer 8

physio = nature; ology = study of

Question 9

It explains the workings of the nervous system.

Answer 9

Neurophysiology

Question 10

It studies the function of the heart.

Answer 10

Cardiac physiology

Question 11

The simplest level of the structural ladder.

Answer 11

Chemical level

Question 12

At the chemical level, atoms, tiny building blocks of matter, combine to form _________.

Answer 12

molecules

Question 13

Molecules associate in specific ways to form _____.

Answer 13

cells

Question 14

In complex organisms such as trees or human beings, the structural ladder continues on to the _______.

Answer 14

tissue level

Question 15

They consist of groups of similar cells that have a common function.

Answer 15

Tissues

Question 16

A structure composed of two or more tissue types that perform a specific function for the body.

Answer 16

Organ

Question 17

It is a group of organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose.

Answer 17

Organ system

Question 18

11 organ systems make up the living human being, or the _______.

Answer 18

organism

Question 19

It is the sum total of all structural levels working together to keep us alive.

Answer 19

Organismal level

Question 20

What are the 11 organ systems?

Answer 20

Integumentary system
Skeletal system
Muscular system
Nervous system
Endocrine system
Cardiovascular system
Lymphatic system
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Urinary system
Reproductive system

Question 21

It is used to illustrate the levels of structural organization in a human being.

Answer 21

Levels of structural organization

Question 22

It is the external covering of the body, or the skin, including the hair and fingernails.

Answer 22

Integumentary system

Question 23

It waterproofs the body and cushions and protects the deeper tissues from injury.

Answer 23

Integumentary system

Question 24

With the help of sunlight, the integumentary system produces ______.

Answer 24

vitamin D

Question 25

These are located in the skin to alert us to what is happening at the body's surface.

Answer 25

Sensory receptors

Question 26

It consists of bones, cartilage, and joints

Answer 26

Skeletal system

Question 27

It supports the body and provides a framework that the skeletal muscles use to cause movement.

Answer 27

Skeletal system

Question 28

Where are the blood cells formed?

Answer 28

In the cavities of the skeleton

Question 29

The only function of the muscles.

Answer 29

To contract/shorten

Question 30

When contractions in the muscles happen, __________ occurs.

Answer 30

movement

Question 31

The mobility of the body as a whole reflects the activity of ___________.

Answer 31

skeletal muscles

Question 32

They form the muscular system.

Answer 32

Skeletal muscles

Question 33

The body’s fast-acting control system.

Answer 33

Nervous system

Question 34

It consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors.

Answer 34

Nervous system

Question 35

They detect changes in temperature, pressure, or light, and send nerve impulses to the central nervous system.

Answer 35

Sensory receptors

Question 36

This system controls body activities, but it acts much more slowly.

Answer 36

Endocrine system

Question 37

Endocrine glands produce _____ and release them into the blood to travel to relatively distant target organs.

Answer 37

hormones

Question 38

The endocrine glands include: the

Answer 38

pituitary thyroid parathyroids adrenals thymus pancreas pineal ovaries testes

Question 39

The primary organs of the cardiovascular system are the:

Answer 39

heart and blood vessels

Question 40

It delivers oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other substances to, and picks up wastes such as carbon dioxide from, cells near sites of exchange.

Answer 40

Cardiovascular system

Question 41

They help to protect the body from bacteria, viruses, and tumor cells.

Answer 41

White blood cells

Question 42

The heart propels blood out of its chambers into _________ to be transported to all body tissues.

Answer 42

blood vessels

Question 43

It complements the cardiovascular system.

Answer 43

Lymphatic system

Question 44

The lymphatic system includes:

Answer 44

lymphatic vessels lymph nodes spleen tonsils

Question 45

They help to cleanse the blood and house white blood cells involved in immunity.

Answer 45

Lymph nodes and other lymphoid organs

Question 46

It keeps the body supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide.

Answer 46

Respiratory system

Question 47

Gases are exchanged with the blood through the thin walls of the __________.

Answer 47

air sacs

Question 48

It is basically a tube running through the body from mouth to anus.

Answer 48

Digestive system

Question 49

Their role is to break down food and deliver the resulting nutrients to the blood for dispersal to body cells.

Answer 49

Digestive system

Question 50

The breakdown activities are completed in the ________.

Answer 50

small intestine

Question 51

The undigested food leaves the body through the anus as _____.

Answer 51

feces

Question 52

It breaks down fats.

Answer 52

Bile

Question 53

It has both endocrine and digestive functions.

Answer 53

Pancreas

Question 54

A normal part of healthy body function is the production of _________.

Answer 54

waste by-products

Question 55

It removes the nitrogen-containing wastes from the blood and flushes them from the body in urine.

Answer 55

Urinary system/Excretory system

Question 56

It maintains the body’s electrolyte balance, regulating the acid-base balance of the blood, and helping to regulate normal blood pressure.

Answer 56

Urinary system

Question 57

What is the role of the reproductive system?

Answer 57

To produce offspring

Question 58

It provides the site for the development of the fetus.

Answer 58

Uterus

Question 59

Every living organism must be able to ___________ so that its “inside” remains distinct from its “outside.”

Answer 59

maintain its boundaries

Question 60

The Necessary Life Functions are:

Answer 60

Maintaining Boundaries Movement Responsiveness Digestion Metabolism Excretion Reproduction Growth

Question 61

It includes all the activities promoted by the muscular system.

Answer 61

Movement

Question 62

It is the ability to sense changes (stimuli) in the environment and then react to them.

Answer 62

Responsiveness/Irritability

Question 63

They are highly irritable and can communicate rapidly with each other via electrical impulses.

Answer 63

Nerve cells

Question 64

It is the process of breaking down ingested food into simple molecules that can then be absorbed into the blood.

Answer 64

Digestion

Question 65

The nutrient-rich blood is then distributed to all body cells by the __________.

Answer 65

cardiovascular system

Question 66

It refers to all chemical reactions that occur within the body and all of its cells.

Answer 66

Metabolism

Question 67

It includes breaking down complex substances into simpler building blocks, making larger structures from smaller ones, and using nutrients and oxygen to produce ATP.

Answer 67

Metabolism

Question 68

Metabolism is regulated chiefly by _______.

Answer 68

hormones

Question 69

It is the process of removing excreta, or wastes, from the body.

Answer 69

Excretion

Question 70

The production of offspring, can occur on the cellular or organismal level.

Answer 70

Reproduction

Question 71

The original cell divides, producing two identical daughter cells that may then be used for body growth or repair.

Answer 71

Cellular reproduction

Question 72

The function of the reproductive system is regulated very precisely by _________.

Answer 72

hormones

Question 73

It can be an increase in cell size or an increase in body size.

Answer 73

Growth

Question 74

For growth to occur, cell-constructing activities must occur at a _______ than cell-destroying ones.

Answer 74

faster rate

Question 75

The survival needs of an organism are:

Answer 75

Nutrients Oxygen Water Appropriate temperature Atmospheric pressure

Question 76

These contain the chemicals used for energy and cell building.

Answer 76

Nutrients

Question 77

The chemical reactions that release energy from foods require _______.

Answer 77

oxygen

Question 78

Water accounts for ______ percent of body weight.

Answer 78

60 to 80

Question 79

If body temperature drops below 37°C (98.6°F), metabolic reactions become _______.

Answer 79

slower and slower and finally stop

Question 80

If body temperature is too high, chemical reactions proceed ____________________.

Answer 80

too rapidly, and body proteins begin to break down.

Question 81

Most body heat is generated by the activity of the ________.

Answer 81

skeletal muscles