Tissues Flashcards
What are the four types of Tissue?
Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous
What is Nervous Tissue Function ?
Internal communication (brain, spinal cord, nerves)
What is the Muscle Tissue Function?
Contracts to cause movement
What is the purpose of Epithelial Tissue ?
To form boundaries between different environments (protects, secretes, absorbs and filters)
What is Connective Tissues Job?
To support, protect and bind other tissues together
How many layers in Simple Epithelium ?
Single (base) layer of cell
ONE
How many layers in Stratified Epithelium?
Consists of two or more layers of cells
What are cells like in Transitional epithelium?
Cells are rounded/cuboidal in shape, but can change to a more flattened squamous shape
What are cells like in Pseudostratified epithelium?
Is a simple epithelium in which all cells are attached to the underlying connective tissue, yet it appears stratified due to various sized and shaped cells with their nuclei appearing in different areas of the cell (e.g. some cells are longer and their nuclei appear above the nuclei of neighboring cells).
Where do endocrine glands secrete hormones?
secrete hormones into the bloodstream.
Where do exocrine glands secrete hormones ?
secrete their substance to the external environment (e.g. onto the surface of the skin or linings of body cavities which are open to the exterior).
What are the characteristics of merocrine glands?
Secrete substances via exocytosis
All other exocrine glands
What are the characteristics of holocrine glands ?
Secrete substance via rupture of secretory cells.
Sebaceous (oil) glands
What is the most abundant type of tissue?
Connective tissue
What Is CT Proper?
Is a category for the remaining types of connective tissue that did not easily fit into another category or make up a main part of another body system
What Is Areolar Tissue?
LOOSE CT
The most widely distributed CT, containing any of the cells found in other CTs and large amounts of body fluid. Supports epithelium, including glands, surrounds small blood vessels and nerves and forms part of the subcutaneous tissue.
What Is Adipose (Fat)?
LOOSE CT
Composed mostly of adipose (fat) cells, with very little extracellular matrix. Adipose cells store lipid nutrients and provide insulation. It is mostly found in subcutaneous tissue and around the kidneys, eyeballs, heart, abdomen and hip
What Is Reticular?
LOOSE CT
Contains a complex network of reticular fibers which support macrophages and fibroblasts. Found only in the liver, kidney, lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow.
What Is Regular?
DENSE (Fibrous)
Closely packed bundles of collagen fibers arranged in parallel to each other. This type of pūtautau provides great resistance to unidirectional tension (pulling forces) and is found in tendons, ligaments and fascia.
What Is Irregular?
DENSE (Fibrous)
Bundles of collagen fibers in an irregular arrangement. This tissue provides resistance to tension forces from numerous directions and is found in the dermis of the skin, joint capsules and fibrous coverings surrounding some organs.
What Is Elastic?
DENSE (Fibrous)
Contains vast amounts of elastic fibers which allow stretch and recoil. Found in a few ligaments, large blood vessels and the bronchi of the lungs.
What Is The Difference Between Exocrine & Endocrine Glands?
Exocrine glands secrete their substance to the exterior of the body (onto body surfaces exposed to the exterior), whereas endocrine glands secrete hormones into the blood.
What Is The Difference In The Method of Secretion Between Merocrine & Holocrine Glands?
Merocrine glands secrete their substance via exocytosis, but holocrine glands secrete their substance via cellular rupture
Name The 3 Types of Fibres Found In The Extracellular Matrix (ECM) of Connective Tissues.
Collagen fibres
Elastin fibres
Reticular fibres
Which Type of CT Proper Is Found In Ligaments & Tendons?
Dense Regular CT
What Are Membranes?
Membranes are structures composed of both epithelium and connective tissue proper which line body cavities and cover body organs
Where Is A Mucous Membrane Found?
Mucous membranes are found lining the respiratory tract, GI tract (from mouth to anus) and the lower parts of the renal and reproductive tracts; all of these cavities are open to the exterior of the body
Where Are Serous Membranes Found?
Serous membranes include the pleural membranes (lines the cavity around each lung), pericardium (lines the cavity around the heart) and the peritoneum (lines the abdominal cavity).
What Do Serous Membranes Consist Of?
Serous membranes consist of two layers- the outer parietal layer lines the walls of the cavity, while the inner visceral layer lines and covers the organs (or viscera) found in that cavity.
What Do Synovial Membranes Line?
Lines the inside of joint cavities
What Are The 2 Types of Fluid CT?
Blood and Lymph
What Does Blood Do In The Body?
Transportation of nutrients, respiratory gases, waste products, hormones, various proteins and other important substances
Regulation of body temperature, fluid volume and pH balance
Prevention of blood loss and infection
What Is Lymph Composed of?
Lymph is composed of extracellular fluid picked up from the interstitial fluid, and includes plasma that has leaked from blood capillaries.
What Does Lymph Transport?
Unwanted substances out of other body fluids for filtering and destruction (i.e. ‘cleans’ extracellular fluid) and provides immune protection.
Excitability:
The ability to receive and respond to a stimulus and generate electrical signals (action potential)
Contractility
The ability to shorten in response to adequate stimulation
Extensibility
The ability to stretch (lengthen) when not contracting
Elasticity
The ability to recoil and regain resting length after being stretched.
What Is Smooth Muscle & Where Is It Found?
Smooth muscle moves various substances within hollow organs. It is found in the walls of: Blood vessels,
Respiratory tract structures(pharynx, trachea, bronchi & bronchioles),
GI tract structures: (esophagus, stomach, small & large intestines),
Renal tract structures: (ureters, bladder, urethra)
Reproductive tract structures: (uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra)
What Are The Steps For Tissue Repair?
- Inflammation/Hemostasis
- Granulation (proliferation or organisation)
- Maturation/Repair
What Are At Least 5 Body Structures That Contain Smooth Muscle?
Blood vessels, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, esophagus, stomach, intestines, ureters, bladder, urethra, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct
In What Ways Can Smooth Muscle Be Stimulated To Contract?
Involuntary/autonomic nerves signals/neurotransmitters/neurons
Hormones or other chemicals
Pacemaker cells
What Happens During Inflammation?
Inflammation occurs which increases blood flow/capillary leakage to bring immune cells to area and blood clotting occurs.
What Happens During Blood Clotting?
Blood clots are replaced by granulation (collagen fibre) tissue, macrophages (a type of WBC) clean up debris and blood supply re-established
What Occurs During Regeneration?
Regeneration of damaged tissue and/or fibrous tissue remains as the replacement tissue (this is known as scar tissue)
