Tissues Flashcards
types of epithelial tissue
simple, stratified, squamous, cuboidal, columnar, pseudostratified, transitional
distinguishing factors for epithelial tissue
polarity, special contacts, supported by connective tissue, avascular, regeneration
simple squamous function
allow for selective diffusion
simple squamous location
kidney, air sacs of lungs, lining of heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, lining of ventral body cavity
simple cuboidal function
secretion and absorption
simple cuboidal location
kidney tubules, ducts/secretory regions of small glands, ovary surface
simple columnar function
absorption, secrete mucus, enzymes, etc. ciliated columnar cells propel mucus
simple columnar location
line digestive tract, gallbladder, excretory ducts of some glands, bronchi, uterine tubes, some part of the uterus
stratified squamous function
protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion
stratified squamous location
lining of esophagus, mouth and vagina (non keratinized), epidermis of skin and dry membrane (keratinized)
pseudostratified columnar function
secrete substances, especially mucus, propel mucus via cilia
pseudostratified columnar location
sperm ducts, ducts of large glands, line trachea and upper respiratory tract
stratified cuboidal function
protection
stratified cuboidal location
large ducts of sweat glands, mammary glands, salivary glands
stratified columnar function
protection and secretion
stratified columnar location
rare, small amounts in male urethra and in large ducts of some glands
transitional function
stretches readily and permits distension of urinary organ
transitional location
lines the ureters, urinary bladder, and part of the urethra
4 main types of connective tissue
connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, blood
characteristics of connective tissue
common origin, degrees of vascularity, contains extracellular matrix between cells of connective tissue
non living material between cells of connective tissue
extracellular matrix
what produces extracellular matrix
osteocytes, chondrocytes, proteoglycans
2 main components of extracellular matrix
ground substance and fibers
adipose function
provides reserve fuel, insulates against heat loss, supports and protects organs
adipose location
under skin, surrounding kidneys and eyeballs, in abdomen and breasts
areolar function
wraps and cushions organs, important role in inflammation, holds and conveys tissue fluid
areolar location
distributed under epithelia, packages organs and surrounds capillaries
reticular function
fibers supports other cell types (wbc, mast cells, macrophages)
reticular location
lymphoid organs (bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes)
dense regular function
attach muscles to bones or to other muscles, maintains structure when pulling force is applied
dense regular location
tendons, most ligaments, aponeuroses
dense irregular function
withstands tension in many directions, provides structural strength
dense irregular location
fibrous capsules of organs and joints, dermis of skin, submucosa of digestive tract
elastic CT function
allows recoil of tissue after stretching, maintains the pulse of blood through arteries, aids in recoil of lungs after inspiration
elastic CT location
walls of large arteries, some ligaments in vertebral column, walls of bronchial tubes
hyaline cartilage function
supports and reinforces, serves as resilient cushion, resists compressive stress
hyaline cartilage location
embryonic skeleton, covers the ends of long bones in joint cavities, bibs, nose, trachea, larynx
elastic cartilage function
maintains shape of structure while allowing flexibility
elastic cartilage location
supports external ear, epiglottis
fibrocartilage function
tensile strength with ability to absorb compressive shock
fibrocartilage location
intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, discs of knee joint
bone function
supports and protects, acts as a lever for muscle to act on, stores calcium, minerals, fat, blood cell formation
blood function
transport respiratory gasses, nutrients, waste, and other substances
blood location
within blood vessels
axon vs dendrite
axons send messages down neuron
dendrites carry message inward towards cell body
neuron
generates impulses
nerve
bundle of neurons enclosed like a cable
only operates in peripheral nervous system
nerve fiber
axon
spinal cord function
send motor signals from brain to body, send sensory information from body to brain, coordinate reflexes
spinal cord location
spinal column
nerve fibers function
enable neurons to connect with each other (axon-dendrite)
nerve function
help with two parts of nervous system communicate
nerve location
all of nervous system
characteristics of muscle tissue
highly specialized to contract and produce body movement
skeletal muscle visual characteristic
perfectly organized with striations
cardiac muscle visual characteristic
branched fibers with striations and intercalated discs
smooth muscle visual characteristic
looks similar to squamous epithelial tissue, forms sheet like patters and has no striations
skeletal muscle function
voluntary movement, locomotion, manipulation of environment, facial expression
skeletal muscle location
skeletal muscles that are attached to bone or skin
cardiac muscle function
propels blood into circulation, involuntary control
cardiac muscle location
walls of the heart
smooth muscle function
propels substances or objects along internal passageways, involuntary control
smooth muscle location
walls of hollow organs
stratum basal function
mitotic and pigment layer
stratum spinosum function
strong cell to cell junctions
stratum granulosum function
water-proofing layer
stratum corneum function
dead skin cells, constantly shedding
2 major layers of the dermis
papillary and reticular
type of tissue in epidermis
epithelial
type of tissue in dermis
connective
