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A&PL > Lab Final > Flashcards

Lab Final Flashcards

1
Q

effect of increasing stimulus voltage on isolated skeletal muscle

A

increased stimulus=increased active force produced by the muscle

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2
Q

treppe

A

when muscle comes to rest before contracting again but each contraction is stronger than the next

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3
Q

wave summation

A

rapid stimulation without full rest in between

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4
Q

unfused tension

A

incomplete tetanus

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5
Q

fused tension

A

complete tetanus

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6
Q

what happens to force when muscle fatigues

A

decline in maximal force of muscle

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7
Q

what are major causes of fatigue

A

ion imbalance
accumulation of lactic acid in muscle

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8
Q

isometric contraction

A

muscle remains same length as tension is produced

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9
Q

isotonic contraction

A

muscle shortens when tension is produced

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10
Q

white matter in brain location

A

inner

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11
Q

grey matter in brain

A

outer

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12
Q

white matter

A

fast signaling

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13
Q

grey matter

A

slower

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14
Q

meninges of brain

A

pia mater
arachnoid mater
dura mater

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15
Q

nerve coverings

A

group of axons covered by fascicle
group of fascicles covered by perineurium
bundles of fascicles and blood vessels covered by epineurium

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16
Q

grey matter vertebrae location

A

inner

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17
Q

white matter vertebrae location

A

outer

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18
Q

dorsal horn of spinal cord

A

sensory information from periphery

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19
Q

ventral horn of spinal cord

A

where motor output originates

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20
Q

lesser occipital nerve serves

A

skin of posterolateral aspect of neck

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21
Q

greater auricular nerve serves

A

skin of ear and skin of parotid gland

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22
Q

transverse cervical nerve serves

A

skin of anterolateral aspect of neck

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23
Q

supraclavicular nerve serves

A

skin of shoulder and clavicular region

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24
Q

ansa cervicalis nerve serves

A

infrahyoid muscles

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25
Q

segmental branches nerve serves

A

deep muscles of neck

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26
Q

phrenic nerve serves

A

diaphragm

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27
Q

axillary nerve serves

A

deltoid

28
Q

musculocutaneous nerve serves

A

flexor muscles of arm

29
Q

median nerve serves

A

flexor muscles, palm and digital muscles

30
Q

ulnar nerve serves

A

flexor carpi ulnaris, intrinsic hand muscles

31
Q

radial nerve serves

A

posterior muscles of hand and forearm

32
Q

dorsal scapular nerve serves

A

levator scapulae

33
Q

long thoracic nerve serves

A

serratus anterior

34
Q

subscapular nerve serves

A

teres major, subscapularis

35
Q

suprascapular nerve serves

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus

36
Q

pectoral nerve serves

A

pectoralis major and minor

37
Q

illiohypogastric nerve serves

A

skin of lower abdomen and hip

38
Q

ilioinguinal nerve serves

A

skin of external genetalia

39
Q

genitofemoral nerve serves

A

skin of external genitalia

40
Q

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve serves

A

skin of lateral thigh

41
Q

obturator nerve serves

A

muscles of medial thigh

42
Q

femoral nerve serves

A

skin of anterior medial thigh

43
Q

sciatic nerve serves

A

tibial: skin of posterior leg
common fibular: skin of anteriolateral leg

44
Q

superior gluteal nerve serves

A

gluteus medius/minimus

45
Q

inferior gluteal nerve serves

A

gluteus maximus

46
Q

posterior femoral cutaneous nerve serves

A

skin of butt, posterior thigh

47
Q

pudendal nerve serves

A

skin of external genitalia

48
Q

origin of parasympathetic

A

brain stem, sacral region

49
Q

origin of sympathetic

A

lateral horns of gray matter in thoracic and lumbar

50
Q

location of parasympathetic ganglia

A

close to target organ

51
Q

location of sympathetic ganglia

A

close to spinal cord

52
Q

length of parasympathetic axons

A

long preganglionic
short postganglionic

53
Q

length of sympathetic axons

A

short preganglionic
long postganglionic

54
Q

parasympathetic branching

A

minimal

55
Q

sympathetic branching

A

extensive

56
Q

functional role of parasympathetic syst

A

rest and digest

57
Q

functional role of sympathetic syst

A

fight or flight

58
Q

neurotransmitter of parasympathetic

A

acetylcholine

59
Q

neurotransmitter of sympathetic

A

pre- ACh
post- ACh, epinephrine, norepinephrine

60
Q

effect of parasympathetic

A

specific, local

61
Q

effect of sympathetic

A

widespread

62
Q

cervical plexus

A

lesser occipital 2-3
greater auricular 2-3
transverse cervical 2-3
supraclavicular 3-4
segmental branches 1-5
phrenic 3-5

63
Q

brachial plexus

A

auxillary C5-6
musculocutaneous C5-7
ulnar C8-T1
radial C5-8, T1
median C8-T1, C5-7
dorsal scapular C5
long thoracic C5-7
Subscapular C5-6
suprascapular C5-6
pectoral C5-T1

64
Q

lumbar plexus

A

iliohypogastric L1
ilioinguinal L1
genitofemoral L1-2
lateral femoral cutaneous L2-3
obturator L2-4
Femoral L2-4

65
Q

Sacral plexus

A

sciatic L4-S3
superior gluteal L4-S1
inferior gluteal L5-S3
posterior femoral cutaneous S1-3
pudendal S2-4

66
Q

cranial nerves

A

olfactory
optic
oculomotor
trochlear
trigeminal
abducens
facial
vestibulocochlear
glossopharyngeal
vagus
accessory
hypoglossal

A&PL (7 decks)

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