Lower limb muscles Flashcards
iliacus (iliopsoas)
origin: iliac fossa and crest, lateral sacrum
Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur
action: flex trunk at hip joint, flex thigh
psoas major (iliopsoas)
origin: transverse processes, bodies, and discs of T12 and lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur
action: flex trunk at hip joint
sartorius
origin: anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: aponeurosis into medial aspect of proximal tibia
action: flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh
magnus (adductor)
origin: iscial and pubic rami and ishial tuberosity
Insertion: linea aspera and adductor tubercle of femur
action: adduct and medially rotate thigh
longus (adductor)
origin: pubis near pubic symphysis
Insertion: linea aspera
action: adduct and medially rotate thigh
brevis (adductor)
origin: body and interior pubic ramus
Insertion: linea aspera
action: adduct and medially rotate and flex thigh
gracilis
origin: inferior ramus and body of pubis
Insertion: medial surface of tibia inferior to medial condyle
action: adducts thigh
rectus femoris
origin: anterior inferior iliac spine and superior margin of acetabulum
Insertion: tibial tuberosity and patella
action: extends leg and flexes thigh
vastus lateralis
origin: greater trochanter, intertrochanteric line, linea aspera
Insertion: tibial tuberosity and patella
action: extends leg and stabilizes knee
vastus medialis
origin: linea aspera and intertrochanteric line
Insertion: tibial tuberosity and patella
action: extends leg, stabilizes patella
vastus intermedius
origin: anterior and lateral surface of femur
Insertion: tibial tuberosity and patella
action: extends leg
tensor fascia lata
origin: anterior iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: iliotibial tract (lateral part of fascia lata)
action: steadies trunk
gluteus maximus
origin: dorsal ilium, sacrum, and coccyx
Insertion: gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract
action: powerful thigh extensor
gluteus mediius
origin: upper lateral surface of ilium
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur
action: abducts and medially rotates thigh
gluteus minimus
origin: external inferior surface of ilium
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur
action: abducts and medially rotates thigh
biceps femoris
origin: ischial tuberosity (long), linea aspera and distal femur (short)
Insertion: tendon passes, head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
action: extends thigh
semitendinosus
origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial aspect of upper tibial shaft
action: extends thigh
semimembranosus
origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial condyle of tibia, lateral condyle of femur
action: extends thigh
fibularis longus
origin: head and upper portion of fibula
Insertion: tendon under foot to metatarsal I and medial cuneiform
action: plantar flexes and everts foot
fibularis brevis
origin: distal portion of fibula shaft
Insertion: tendon behind lateral malleolus to insert on proximal end of metatarsal V
action: plantar flexes and everts foot
tibialis anterior
origin: lateral condyle, upper part of tibia, interosseous membrane
Insertion: tendon into inferior surface of first cuneiform and metatarsal I
action: prime mover of dorsiflexion
extensor digitorus longus
origin: lateral condyle of tibia, proximal 3/4 of fibula, interosseous membrane
Insertion: tendon to middle and distal phalanges II-V
action: prime mover of toe extension
fibularis tertius
origin: distal anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
Insertion: tendon to dorsum of metatarsal V
action: dorsiflexes and everts foot
extensor hallucis longus
origin: andteromedial shaft of fibula and interosseous membrane
Insertion: tendon to distal phalanx of great toe
action: extends great toe
triceps surae
origin: n/a
Insertion: via common tendon into calcaneus
action: plantar flex foot
gastrocnemius
origin: 2 heads from medial and lateral condyles of femur
Insertion: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
action: plantar flexes foot
soleus
origin: proximal portion of tibia and fibula, interosseous membrane
Insertion: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
action: plantar flexion
popliteus
origin: lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus
Insertion: proximal tibia
action: flexes and rotates leg medially
tibialis posterior
origin: superior portion of tibia and fibula and interosseous membrane
Insertion: tendon behind medial malleolus and under arch of foot to metatarsals II-V
action: prime mover of foot inversion
flexor digitorus longus
origin: posterior surface of tibia
Insertion: distal phalanges of toes II-V
action: flexes toes
flexor hallucis longus
origin: middle portion of fibula shaft, interosseous membrane
Insertion: tendon under foot to distal phalanx of great toe
action: flexes great toe
pectineus
origin: pectineal line or superior ramus of pubis
Insertion: posterior surface of femur
action: adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh
piriformis
origin: anterior sacrum, gluteal surface of ilium
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur
action: laterally rotates thigh
superior gemellus
origin: ischial spine
Insertion: medial surface of greater trochanter
action: laterally rotates thigh
obturator internus
origin: inner surface of obturator membrane, bony boundaries of obturator foramen
Insertion: medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
action: laterally rotates thigh
inferior gemellus
origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
action: laterally rotates thigh
quadratus femoris
origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: intertrochanteric crest of femur
action: laterally rotates thigh
