tissues Flashcards
what are tissues 2
- groups of cells that are similar in structure and function
- they represent the next level in structural organisation
4 types of tissues
-epithelial, connective, nervous and muscle
Epithelial- where to find it 3
lining, covering and glandular tissue of the body
Epithelial- functions 4
protection, filtration, absorption and secretion
Epithelial- what it does
- provides physical protection and provides sensations e.g touch receptors
- controls permeability (everything that leaves and enters the body must come across an epithelium)
- produces specialized secretions
exocrine glands 4
secretions discharged onto the surface of the epithelial tissue e,g digestive enzymes, perspiration on the skin, and milk produced by mammary glands
Endocrine glands 2
secretions discharged into surrounding tissues and blood e.g hormones
Connective tissue examples
adipose, cartilage, bone, and blood
structural elements of connective tissues 6
a) cells
b) fibers
- collagen fibres (strength)
- Reticular fibers (support)
c) ground substance: material that fills up space between cells and fibers
1 functions of connective tissues 4
support and protecting:
- provide a structural bony framework
- protect delicate organs
- surround and interconnect other tissue types= bones and cartilage
2 functions of connective tissues 3
transporting materials:
-provides the means for transporting dissolved materials from one part of the body to another = blood and lymph
3 functions of connective tissues 3
strong energy reserves;
-fats stored in adipose tissues until needed = adipose tissues
4 functions of connective tissues 3
defending the body:
-cell to cell interactions and the production of antibodies= white blood cells
Muscle tissue 3 types
- skeletal
- smooth
- cardiac
skeletal muscle
- striated
- under voluntary control from the nervous system
- contraction of muscle tissue causes bones to move
smooth muscle 8
- Line all the hollow structures of the body e.g
- urinary bladder
- respiratory airways
- blood vessels
- digestive
- reproductive
- non striated
- under involuntary controk from NS
cardiac muscle
- found only in the heart
- branched and connected cells joining at intercalated discs= conductivity
- specialized pacemaker cells have the principles of automaticity
- striated, involuntary muscle, although NS can alter rate
Nervous tissue
specialized for the conduction of electrical impulses=relay info
neurons
transmits electrical impulses
neuroglia 2
provide physical support, defend from infections, maintain the chemical composition of tissue fluids
Organ 2
structure made up of at least 2 types of tissues that perform a specific function of the body e.g stomach
organ system
number of organs that work closely with one another to accomplish a common purpose
epithelial cells: squamous 6
one layer= diffusion, filtration, secretion in serous membranes.
more than one layer=protection
epithelial cells: cuboidal and columnar 6
one layer
secretion and absorption, ciliated types propel mucus or reproductive cells
more than one layer: protection (tissue types are rare)
epithelial cells: transitional 5
one layer
no simple transitional epithelium exists
more than one layer: protection, stretching to accommodate distention of urinary structures
