cardiovascular system:

Question 1

what happens when there is not enough o2 7

Answer 1

not enough o2
=anaerobic metabolism
=lactic acid production
=metabolic acidosis
=cell death
=metabolic failure
=inadequate energy production

Question 2

perfusion

Answer 2

passage of blood or passage of fluid in veins

Question 3

inadequate flow

Answer 3

=inadequate perfusion- hypopfusion=> shock

Question 4

circulatory system 10

Answer 4

right atrium
right ventricle
pulmonary artery
lungs
pulmonary veins
left atrium
left ventricle
aorta
body
vena cava

Question 5

coronary arteries

Answer 5

derive from the aorta and deliver o2 and nutrients to the working muscle (myocardium)

Question 6

coronary veins

Answer 6

allow removal of co2 and other metabolic wastes
- this deoxygenated blood is added to blood returning from the rest of the body, in the right atrium (through the coronary sinus)

Question 7

the cardiac cycle 3

Answer 7

• cardiac diastole
• atrial systole
• ventricular systole

Question 8

diastole

Answer 8

relax

Question 9

systole

Answer 9

contract

Question 10

heart consists of two pumps

Answer 10

• left pump= systemic circulation

- right pump= pulmonary circulation

Question 11

cardiac diastole

Answer 11

• atria and ventricles relax
• blood enters at low pa from pulmonary veins (l) vena cava (R) into atria
• blood flows into atria=increace in pa=AV valves open
• blood passes into ventricles 70-80%

Question 12

Atrial systole

Answer 12

• atria contracts
• pa in ventricles increase
• av valves shut

Question 13

ventricular systole

Answer 13

ventricles contract

-pa in ventricles increase (more than aorta)=semi lunar valves open+ AV valves shut so no backflow

Question 14

coronary occlusion

Answer 14

partial/complete obstruction of blood flow in the coronary artery. may cause heart attack= damage of the myocardium

Question 15

myocardial infarction

Answer 15

heart attack= supply of blood to the heart is blocked

Question 16

conductive system of the heart 9

Answer 16

• myogenic contraction
• right atrium of the heart wall has a group of cells called SAN = pacemaker
• wave of electrical excitation spreads from SAN and spreads across both atria= contract
• layers of non-conductive tissue (AV septum) prevent wave crossing into ventricles
• wave of excitation enters the second group of cells called the atrioventricular node (AVN) which lies between the atria
• after a short delay the AVN conveys a wave of electrical excitation between the ventricles along a series of specialised muscle fibers called the Purkinje tissue; which collectively make up a structure called the bundle of his. (BOH)
• BOH conducts a wave through the AV septum to the base of the ventricles where the bundle branches into smaller fibers
• wave of excitation is released from the Purkinje tissues =ventricles to contract quickly from the bottom up.