Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Odp bioscience > skin > Flashcards

skin Flashcards

1
Q

3 main regions

A
  • epidermis: outermost superficial region
  • dermis region: middle
  • hypodermis: deepest region (subcutaneous tissue)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

epidermis: where to find it

A

the outer skin is exposed to external environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

epidermis: function

A

protection and reduction of water loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

epidermis: composed of

A

composed of keratinized, stratified (more than 2 cells thick) squamous (flat cells) epithelial cells including:

  • keratin
  • melanocytes
  • Merkel cells
  • Langerhans cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

keratin

A

durability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

melanocytes

A

produces melanin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Merkel cells

A

touch receptors associated with sensory nerve endings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Langerhans cells

A

white blood cells (immune system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

epidermis: no vessels, why?

A

no blood vessels because it nourished through diffusion from capillaries of the dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

epidermis 5 layers

A
  1. stratum corneum
  2. stratum granulosum
  3. stratum spinosum
  4. stratum basale
  5. dermis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

stratum corneum 5

A

1st layer
cells are dead
represented only by flat membranous sacs filled with keratin
glycolipids in extracellular space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

stratum granulosom 5

A 
2nd layer
cells are flattened
organelles deteriorating
cytoplasm full of lamellated granules (release lipids)
and keratohyaline granules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

stratum spinosum 3

A

3rd layer

cells contain thick bundles of intermediate filaments made up of pre-keratin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

stratum basale 3

A

4th layer
cells are actively mitotic stem cells
some newly formed cells become part of the more superficial layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

stratum lucidum 4

A

(palms of hands and soles of feet)

  • transparent layer
  • flat translucent dead cells
  • protection against UV.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dermis 5

A
  • extensive cutaneous blood flow
  • nutritive (10%) and thermoregulatory (90%)
  • extensive nerve supply
  • sensory receptors: mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, and nociceptors (pain)
  • highly elastic and tough due to the meshwork of collagen, elastic and reticular fibers,
17
Q

collagen

A

support

18
Q

reticular fibers

A

thinner than collagen but still provide support

19
Q

elastic

A

flexibility

20
Q

Dermis:cells 3

A
  • fibroblasts
  • adipose (fat Cells)
  • macrophages
21
Q

Dermis: two main layers

A
  • upper papillary layer

- Reticular layer

22
Q

upper papillary layer 5

A
  • Loose connective tissue
  • Contain protrusions into epidermis called “PAPILLAE”
  • Fine capillaries to carry waste away + provide nourishment and oxygen
  • Nerve endings for heat, cold, pain, and touch (Meissner’s corpuscles)
  • Double row of papillae -> better gripping by hands and feet + distinctive fingerprint patterns
23
Q

Reticular Layer: 6

A
  • Elastic network of tough collagen fibres interwoven with elastic fibres
  • Collagen fibres arranged in special pattern
  • Incisions made parallel to these lines during surgery =>wound heals faster
  • Contains sebaceous and sweat glands, arrector pili muscle and hair follicle
  • Pacinian corpuscles are distributed through the dermis and function as pressure receptors
  • Stretch marks in pregnancy due to breaks in collagen and elastic fibres
24
Q

hypodermis 3

A
  • subcutaneous layer
  • thicker than the dermis
  • area for formation and storage of fat due to adipose tissue
25
Q

sweat glands 3

A
  • different types of sweat glands prevent overheating of the body
  • eccrine sweat glands=palms, soles of the feet +forehead
  • apocrine sweat glands =auxillary and anogenital areas
26
Q

sebaceous glands 6

A
  • located in dermis
  • lubrication and protection
  • cluster of cells
  • connected to hair follicles
  • sebum=> fight bacteria+fungus
  • blackheads due to blocked glands
27
Q

hair: 5

A
  • shaft=protrudes from skin
  • root= embedded in skin
  • follicle= surrounds hair
  • arrector pilli muscle= bundle of smooth muscle= hair erection + sebum released from the sebaceous glands.
28
Q

hair function: 5

A
  • maintaining warmth
  • alerting the body to the presence of insects on the skin
  • guarding the scalp against physical trauma, heat loss, and sunlight.
29
Q

vellus: 2

A

pale fine body hair, found in children and the adult female

30
Q

terminal hair: 5

A

the coarse, long hair of eyebrows, scalp, heat loss+ sunlight.

31
Q

functions of the skin:5

A
  1. ) protection
    2) thermoregulation
  2. ) sensory perception
  3. ) excretion
  4. ) vitamin D synthesis
32
Q

skin function: protection 3

A
  • non-specific immunity
  • anatomical barrier against infection
  • melanin- screen out excess UV rays
33
Q

skin function: sensory perception 2

A
  • millions of nerve endings

- receptor for pain, heat and pressure

34
Q

skin function: excretion 2

A
  • excretion of lactic acid and sodium chloride

- urea

35
Q

skin function: vitamin d synthesis 5

A
  • vitamin d precursor is in skin + exposure to UV light turns precursor to an inactive form of vitamin d
  • modification by liver and kidney enzymes turn the inactive form to active form of vitamin d
  • vitamin d promotes the absorption of calcium and phosphate through the intestine

Odp bioscience (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions