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Human Biology 1 > Tissue test > Flashcards

Tissue test Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

5 functions

A

Support, protection, movement, storage, blood cell production

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2
Q

Support

A

Bones provide a framework for the support of the body

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3
Q

Protection

A

Bones protect internal organs

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4
Q

Movement

A

Bones allow for movement through the contraction of attached muscle tissue.

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5
Q

Storage

A

Bones provide storage calcium and minerals

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6
Q

Blood cell production

A

Hematopoiesis creates red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

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7
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Break down the bone tissue

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8
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Create bone tissue

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9
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Skull, hyoid bone, vertebral column, thoracic cage

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10
Q

Skull

A

Cranium, facial bones

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11
Q

Vertebral column

A

Vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx

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12
Q

Thoracic cage

A

Ribs,sternum

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13
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Pectoral girdle, upper limba, pelvic girdle, lower limba

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14
Q

Pectoral girdle

A

Scapula, clavical

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15
Q

Upper limba

A

Humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

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16
Q

Pelvic girdle

A

Two coxa

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17
Q

Lower limba

A

Femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges.

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18
Q

Long bones

A

Long longitudinal axis and extended ends

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19
Q

Short bones

A

Cuboidal; sides are all roughly equal

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20
Q

Flat bones

A

Plate like with broad surface

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21
Q

Irregular bones

A

Variety of shape

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22
Q

Sesamoid bone

A

Roundish; embedded in tendons

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23
Q

Osseous tissue

A

Bone tissue. Consists of hard calcium and mineral compounds and collagen fibers.

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24
Q

Diaphysis

A

Central shaft

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25
Q

Epiphysis

A

Expanded ends

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26
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Central cavity of the diaphysis, where yellow marrow is found.

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27
Q

Compact bone

A

Solid bone found in the diaphysis of long bones and surface of the epiphysis, covering the spongy bone.

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28
Q

Spongy bone

A

Porous bone in the epiphysis of the long bone. Where red marrow is found and the red blood cells are produced.

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29
Q

Articulating cartilage

A

Protective covering over the articulating ends of long bones.

30
Q

Periosteum

A

Outer covering of bones. Provides attachment for ligaments and tendons and functions in formation and repair of bone.

31
Q

Endosteum

A

Thin membrane containing bone-forming cells. Lines the medullary cavity and the spaces of the spongy bone.

32
Q

Collagen fibers

A

Strong, flexible fibers like those of tendons and ligaments.

33
Q

Osteocytes

A

Bone cell (mature osteoblasts)

34
Q

Lacunae

A

Small pockets where osteocytes are found.

35
Q

Canaliculi

A

“Little canals” Passageways through which cellular processes can pass nutrients and waste from cell to cell.

36
Q

Lamellae

A

Sheets of calcified matrix that surround the osteon. The lacunae are found in between the lamellae.

37
Q

Matrix

A

Fibers and ground substance that surround cells.

38
Q

Ground substance

A

Material that can vary in consistency from liquid to solid. Provided a way to transfer material between the blood supply and cells.

39
Q

Osteon

A

Basic functional unit of compact bone.

40
Q

Central canal

A

Central of the osteon which contains blood vessels and nerves.

41
Q

Perforating canals

A

Canals that run perpendicular to the central canals, they also contain blood and nerves.

42
Q

Spongy bone

A

Has no osteon, the lamellae form rods called trabeculae.

43
Q

Trabeculae

A

Rods that branch frequently forming the extensive open networks of spongy bone.

44
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells that under go the normal functions of cells, transferring nutrients and waste to and from nearby cells.

45
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Clasts = break.

Giant multinucleated cells that secrete and acid to dissolve the bony matrix, osteocytes.

46
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Blast= builds

They are responsible for osteogenesis

47
Q

Osteogenesis

A

The formation of the new bone.

48
Q

Ossification

A

The replacement of the other tissues with osseous tissue.

49
Q

IntraMembranous ossification

A

Bone with sheets or membrane, like connective tissue.

50
Q

Ossification center

A

Where ossification begins

51
Q

Endochondral ossification

A

Osseous tissue replaces an existing cartilage model.

52
Q

Primary ossification center

A

Wher the tissue begins to form

53
Q

Joints

A

where bones come together

54
Q

Synovial joints

A

Lots of movement

55
Q

Gliding joints

A

relativity flat articular surfaces that slide across one another
Bones of the wrist and ankle

56
Q

Pivot Joints

A

Rotaion only

between atlas & axis

57
Q

Ball and Socket

A

Shoulder and hip

58
Q

Condyloid joints

A

where the phalanges articulate with the metacarpals and metatarsals

59
Q

Hinge Joints

A

angular movement in a singular plate

elbow, knee, fingers

60
Q

Saddle joint

A

Each articulating face is concave in one axis and convex in the other
Where the metacarpals and carpalals at the proximal end of the thumb

61
Q

Cartilaginous

A

slight movement

ribs and vertebrae

62
Q

Fibrous joint

A

immovable joints

joints of the skull

63
Q

flexion

A

movement in the anterior posterior plane that reduces the angke of a joint.

64
Q

Extension

A

increases the angle of the joint

65
Q

dorsiflexion

A

bringing the toes closer to the shin

66
Q

Plantar flexion

A

bringijng the toes farther from the shin

67
Q

Hyperextension

A

extension continues part the anatomical postion

68
Q

abduction

A

moving away from the midline of the body

69
Q

adduction

A

moving toward the midline of the body

70
Q

rotation

A

moving around and axis

71
Q

Circumduction

A

moving the end in a circular path.

Human Biology 1 (7 decks)

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