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MID EXAM 2 > Tissue Nematodes > Flashcards

Tissue Nematodes Flashcards

1
Q

Tissue Nematodes

A

1) Trichinellosis
2) Lymphatic Filariasis
3) Onchocerciasis
4) Loiasis
5) Dracunculiasis

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2
Q

Trichinellosis worm and cause

A

Trichinella spiralis

Uncooked pork, bear, walrus and seal.

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3
Q

Trich life cycle

A

Ingest meat, larvae penetrate epitelial lining of small intestine and undergo 4 molts and become sexually mature adults.
They bang, newborn larvae pass through lymphatic system enter blood cystem and become encysted in striated muscle

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4
Q

Trich Clinical course

A

Biphasic:

1) intestinal phase- GI sx
2) systemic phase- 1 wk after ix, facial/periorbital edema, myalgias, fever

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5
Q

Trich dx

A

Muscle biopsy (usually due to painful myalgias), serology

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6
Q

Trich tx

A

steroids, anthelminthic drug

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7
Q

Human Filariases

A

1) lymphatic filariasis
2) onchocerciasis (river blindness)
3) loiasis (african eye worm disease)
4) Dracunculiasis (guinea worm ix)

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8
Q

LF causative agent

A

1) Wuchereria bancrofti (90% of cases)

2) Brugia malayi; Brugia timori in SE Asia

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9
Q

LF transmission and most infected

A

1) mosquito transmitted

2) chilren aquire disease early and are affected for life

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10
Q

LF Life cycle

A

Mosquito bites you, larvae enter wound, matures in lymphatics. If new microfilariae are in blood, they must get taken up by a new mosquito to enter adult phase again

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11
Q

LF Clinical sx

A

1) asymptomatic to irreversible lymphedema
2) Early: acute lymphangitis and lympadenitis, esp in young
3) TROPICAL PULMONARY EOSINOPHILIA esp in young men
4) over time: lymphadema and elephantitis of lower extremities, breast, genitalia as well as HYDROCELE and scrotal elephantitis

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12
Q

LF dx

A

Clinical suspicion ( individual in endemic region >10yo with lyphedema
or Mircrofilariae on thick blood smear- COLLECT AT NIGHT as they have nocturnal peroidicity
** w. bancrofti ICT rapid blood antigen test
or Serology shows cross reactivity with other helminths
OR U/Z of lymph nodes- aldult worm nests- Filaria dance sign

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13
Q

LF TX

A

not attempted in endemic area, but if a traveler comes back you can try repeated/prolonged tx

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14
Q

LF management

A

1) Interrupt transmission, by single dose, once yearly 2 drug regimen for 4-6 years that kills microfillarie and stuns adult worm from reproducing
2) control morbidity, releive suffering

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15
Q

Onchocerciasis life cycle

A

Transmitted by fly through skin. Not found in blood, won’t catch in a blood smear, stays in tissues/eyes

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16
Q

Oncho sx

A

Pruritis, dermatitis
onchocercomata on bony nodules (subcutaneous nodules that you can extract the worm from)
lymphadenopathy
OCULAR lesions ( sclerosing keratitis) that can progress to blindess— thus the name River Blindness

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17
Q

Oncho dx

A

Skin snips for micro visualization of micorfil, or palpable nodules

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18
Q

Oncho tx

A

Ivermectin, single dose, every 6-12 months til asymptomatic

-tx has eliminated a great deal of oncho

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19
Q

Loa Loa Life Cycle

A

“African Eye Worm”-

1) transmitted by a fly
2) micro into sub-cutaneous tissue (similar to oncho), but also gets into bloodstream (similar to LF)

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20
Q

Loa Loa Clinical sx

A

conjunctivae, CALABAR swellings ( migratory episodes of angiodema due to adult worms), microfilariae- found in the blood during the day

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21
Q

Loa Loa dx

A

Micro in blood during the day, eosinophilia, calabar swellings, and adult worms SEEN in the eye, ACK!

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22
Q

Loa Loa tx

A

DEC or Ivermectin

surgical removal of adult worms if accessibel

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23
Q

Drancunculiasis fun name and worm

A

Fiery red serpent of the Israelites/ Guinea worm infection

Dracunculus medinensis

24
Q

Dranc life cycle

A

gets in a COPEPOD (da fuq?) and then that’s ingested, released in small intestines, penetrates sub-q layer of abdominal wall and migrates to lower extremities

25
Q

Dranc/Guinea worm clinical sx

A

Localized, painful reaction at site of ulcer that is often incapacitating
– this may also lead to cellulitis spreading along the track of the worm, disfiguring skin and muscle damage

26
Q

Dranc dx

A

apperance of lesion and worm

27
Q

Dranc tx

A

Extraction of worm– pic is sick

28
Q

Dranc prevention

A

filtering water removes the copepods, and if you have worm sticking out of your skin, don’t go in the damn water. But the Carter Center has almost completely eliminated this so that there were only 80 cases in the world last year.

29
Q

Tissue Nematodes

A

1) Trichinellosis
2) Lymphatic Filariasis
3) Onchocerciasis
4) Loiasis
5) Dracunculiasis

30
Q

Trichinellosis worm and cause

A

Trichinella spiralis

Uncooked pork, bear, walrus and seal.

31
Q

Trich life cycle

A

Ingest meat, larvae penetrate epitelial lining of small intestine and undergo 4 molts and become sexually mature adults.
They bang, newborn larvae pass through lymphatic system enter blood cystem and become encysted in striated muscle

32
Q

Trich Clinical course

A

Biphasic:

1) intestinal phase- GI sx
2) systemic phase- 1 wk after ix, facial/periorbital edema, myalgias, fever

33
Q

Trich dx

A

Muscle biopsy (usually due to painful myalgias), serology

34
Q

Trich tx

A

steroids, anthelminthic drug

35
Q

Human Filariases

A

1) lymphatic filariasis
2) onchocerciasis (river blindness)
3) loiasis (african eye worm disease)
4) Dracunculiasis (guinea worm ix)

36
Q

LF causative agent

A

1) Wuchereria bancrofti (90% of cases)

2) Brugia malayi; Brugia timori in SE Asia

37
Q

LF transmission and most infected

A

1) mosquito transmitted

2) chilren aquire disease early and are affected for life

38
Q

LF Life cycle

A

Mosquito bites you, larvae enter wound, matures in lymphatics. If new microfilariae are in blood, they must get taken up by a new mosquito to enter adult phase again

39
Q

LF Clinical sx

A

1) asymptomatic to irreversible lymphedema
2) Early: acute lymphangitis and lympadenitis, esp in young
3) TROPICAL PULMONARY EOSINOPHILIA esp in young men
4) over time: lymphadema and elephantitis of lower extremities, breast, genitalia as well as HYDROCELE and scrotal elephantitis

40
Q

LF dx

A

Clinical suspicion ( individual in endemic region >10yo with lyphedema
or Mircrofilariae on thick blood smear- COLLECT AT NIGHT as they have nocturnal peroidicity
** w. bancrofti ICT rapid blood antigen test
or Serology shows cross reactivity with other helminths
OR U/Z of lymph nodes- aldult worm nests- Filaria dance sign

41
Q

LF TX

A

not attempted in endemic area, but if a traveler comes back you can try repeated/prolonged tx

42
Q

LF management

A

1) Interrupt transmission, by single dose, once yearly 2 drug regimen for 4-6 years that kills microfillarie and stuns adult worm from reproducing
2) control morbidity, releive suffering

43
Q

Onchocerciasis life cycle

A

Transmitted by fly through skin. Not found in blood, won’t catch in a blood smear, stays in tissues/eyes

44
Q

Oncho sx

A

Pruritis, dermatitis
onchocercomata on bony nodules (subcutaneous nodules that you can extract the worm from)
lymphadenopathy
OCULAR lesions ( sclerosing keratitis) that can progress to blindess— thus the name River Blindness

45
Q

Oncho dx

A

Skin snips for micro visualization of micorfil, or palpable nodules

46
Q

Oncho tx

A

Ivermectin, single dose, every 6-12 months til asymptomatic

-tx has eliminated a great deal of oncho

47
Q

Loa Loa Life Cycle

A

“African Eye Worm”-

1) transmitted by a fly
2) micro into sub-cutaneous tissue (similar to oncho), but also gets into bloodstream (similar to LF)

48
Q

Loa Loa Clinical sx

A

conjunctivae, CALABAR swellings ( migratory episodes of angiodema due to adult worms), microfilariae- found in the blood during the day

49
Q

Loa Loa dx

A

Micro in blood during the day, eosinophilia, calabar swellings, and adult worms SEEN in the eye, ACK!

50
Q

Loa Loa tx

A

DEC or Ivermectin

surgical removal of adult worms if accessibel

51
Q

Drancunculiasis fun name and worm

A

Fiery red serpent of the Israelites/ Guinea worm infection

Dracunculus medinensis

52
Q

Dranc life cycle

A

gets in a COPEPOD (da fuq?) and then that’s ingested, released in small intestines, penetrates sub-q layer of abdominal wall and migrates to lower extremities

53
Q

Dranc/Guinea worm clinical sx

A

Localized, painful reaction at site of ulcer that is often incapacitating
– this may also lead to cellulitis spreading along the track of the worm, disfiguring skin and muscle damage

54
Q

Dranc dx

A

apperance of lesion and worm

55
Q

Dranc tx

A

Extraction of worm– pic is sick

56
Q

Dranc prevention

A

filtering water removes the copepods, and if you have worm sticking out of your skin, don’t go in the damn water. But the Carter Center has almost completely eliminated this so that there were only 80 cases in the world last year.

MID EXAM 2 (11 decks)

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